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a.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\\sqrt{2}x+2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=1\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-2y=\dfrac{3}{4}\\2x+\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-8y=3\\2x+\dfrac{1}{3}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{25}{3}y=\dfrac{10}{3}\\2x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\\2x=3+8y=3+8\cdot\dfrac{-2}{5}=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x-3y}{4}-\dfrac{x+y-1}{5}=2x-y-1\\\dfrac{x+y-1}{3}+\dfrac{4x-y-2}{4}=\dfrac{2x-y-3}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5\left(2x-3y\right)}{20}-\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{20}=\dfrac{20\left(2x-y-1\right)}{20}\\\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{12}+\dfrac{3\left(4x-y-2\right)}{12}=\dfrac{2\left(2x-y-3\right)}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y-4x-4y+4=40x-20y-20\\4x+4y-4+12x-3y-6=4x-2y-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-19y+4-40x+20y+20=0\\16x+y-10-4x+2y+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-34x+y=-24\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-102x+3y=-72\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-114x=-76\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\12\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\3y=4-8=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
ĐK: $x,y>0$
PT$(2)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-x=y+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}>0$
$\Rightarrow 1-x\sqrt{x}>1\Rightarrow 1>x$
Quay lại PT $(1)$:
$2x^2=xy+1$
Nếu $y\geq x$ thì: $2x^2=xy+1\geq x^2+1\Leftrightarrow x^2\geq 1\Rightarrow x\geq 1$ (vô lý vì $x<1$)
$\Rightarrow 0<y<x$
Khi đóTại PT$(2)$: $x+y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}<0$ (vô lý vì $x,y>0$)
Vậy HPT vô nghiệm
Có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{2y}{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{4y}{y+1}=4\\2\sqrt{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{4y}{y+1}-2\sqrt{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}=4-\dfrac{3}{2}\\2\sqrt{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4y+1}{y+1}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2.\left(4y+1\right)=5.\left(y+1\right)\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8y+2=5y+5\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y=3->y=1\\\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{1}{1+1}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
-> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy .........
\(a,ĐK:x,y\ne2\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=a\\y-2=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}=5\\\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{9}{b}=15\\\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}=5\\\dfrac{5}{b}=5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{a}+3=5\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=3\left(tm\right)\)
\(b,ĐK:x\ge3;y\ge1\)
Sửa: \(\sqrt{x-3}-\sqrt{y-1}=4\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{x-3}\ge0\\b=\sqrt{y-1}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2b=2\\a-b=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\-b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=36\\y-1=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=39\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt căn x-1=a; 1/y-1=b
=>a-3b=2 và 1/3a+b=1
=>x-1=25/4; y-1=6
=>y=7; x=29/4
Đặt 1/x=a; căn(y-1)=b
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=a+4=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{x}\\b=\sqrt{y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2b=8\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=6\\a-b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-6\\a+6=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-6\\a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) Thay: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\\\sqrt{y-1}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=37\end{matrix}\right.\)