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\(ĐKXĐ:x;y\ge0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=4\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{y+5}=6\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2\sqrt{xy}+y=16\\x+5+2\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(y+5\right)}+y+5=36\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=16-2\sqrt{xy}\\x+y=26-2\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(y+5\right)}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow16-2\sqrt{xy}=26-2\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(y+5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{xy}=10-2\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(y+5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy}=\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(y+5\right)}-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy}+5=\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(y+5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+10\sqrt{xy}+25=xy+5\left(x+y\right)+25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{xy}=x+y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thế vô pt (1) được \(2\sqrt{x}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=4\)(Thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ)
Vậy hệ pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=4\end{cases}}\)
a) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+y\right)=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-x\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-1\right)=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\y=-1;y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot y=-1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1;x=\frac{1}{2}\\0=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=2y\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2y-1\right)5y=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=0\Rightarrow x=0\\y=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(y=-2x\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(1-2x\right)5x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=-1\\x=0\Rightarrow y=0\end{cases}}\)
b) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\frac{21}{8}\\\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\frac{37}{6}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)^2+y^2=\frac{37}{6}y\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\2y^2-\frac{21}{4}y+\frac{441}{64}=-\frac{37}{6}y^2+\frac{259}{16}y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\1568y^2-4116y+1323=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{8}\\y=\frac{9}{4}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{9}{4}\\y=\frac{3}{8}\end{cases}}\)
c) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\\\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{z^2}=\left(2-\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x-y\right)^2=-4x^2y^2+2xy\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}8x^2y^2-4x^2y-4xy^2+x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x^2y^2-4x^2y+x^2+4x^2y^2-4xy^2+y^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x\right)^2+\left(2xy-y\right)^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=\frac{-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
d) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+x+y=71\\x^2y+xy^2=880\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=S\\xy=P\end{cases}}\), ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}S+P=71\\SP=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P\left(71-P\right)=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P^2-71P+880=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=16\\xy=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y\left(16-y\right)=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y^2-16y+55=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=5\\y=11\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=11\\y=5\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=55\\xy=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y\left(55-y\right)=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y^2-55y+16=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
e) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}=12\\x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}=28\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}S=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\\P=\sqrt{xy}\end{cases}}\), ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}SP=12\\P\left(S^2-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\P\left(\frac{144}{P^2}-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\2P^4+28P^2-144P=0\end{cases}}\)
Tự làm tiếp nhá! Đuối lắm luôn
Đặt:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+1}=2+t\\\sqrt{y+1}=2-t\end{cases}\Rightarrow t=0}\)
Việc giải raNhận xét: Phép đặt ẩn phụ làm bài toán trở nên rất đơn giản.
\(ĐK:\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge-1\\y\ge-1\\xy\ge0\end{cases}}\)
Hệ tương đương \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-\sqrt{xy}=3\\2\sqrt{xy+x+y+1}=14-\left(x+y\right)\end{cases}}\)
Đặt S=x+y;P=\(\sqrt{xy}\)(\(P\ge0\))
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S-P=3\left(3\right)\\2\sqrt{P^2+S+1}=14-S\left(4\right)\end{cases}}\)
Thay (3) \(S=3+P\)vào (4) ta được:
\(2\sqrt{P^2+P+4}=11-P\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}P\le11\\3P^2+26P-105=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}P\le11\\\orbr{\begin{cases}P=3\left(n\right)\\P=\frac{-35}{3}\left(L\right)\end{cases}}\end{cases}}\)đến đây tự xét
\(\Rightarrow P=3\Rightarrow S=3\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=6\\xy=9\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}P\le11\\\orbr{\begin{cases}P=3\left(n\right)\\P=\frac{-35}{3}\left(L\right)\end{cases}}\end{cases}}\)
