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Ta có: \(\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2+3}\)
Đặt \(u=x^2+3\left(u>0\right)\)
Có \(du=2xdx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2+3}=\)\(\int\dfrac{du}{2u}=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left(u\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left(x^2+3\right)\)
a) \(I_1=\int\dfrac{dx}{x^2+2x+3}\)
\(=\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)^2+2}=\int\dfrac{d\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)
b) \(I_2=\int\dfrac{dx}{4x^2+4x+2}\)
\(=\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(2x+1\right)^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{d\left(2x+1\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)^2+1^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}arctan\left(2x+1\right)+C\)
7a.
\(y'=3x^2-2\left(m-1\right)x-m-3\)
Hàm nghịch biến trên \(\left(-1;0\right)\) khi và chỉ khi \(y'\le0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left(-1;0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-2\left(m-1\right)x-m-3\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta'=\left(m-1\right)^2+3\left(m+3\right)>0\\x_1\le-1< 0\le x_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2+m+10>0\left(\text{luôn đúng}\right)\\f\left(-1\right)\le0\\f\left(0\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3+2\left(m-1\right)-m-3\le0\\-m-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m-2\le0\\-m-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow-3\le m\le2\)
7b.
\(y'=-x^2+2\left(m-1\right)x+m+3\)
Hàm đồng biến trên \(\left(0;3\right)\) khi và chỉ khi \(y'\le0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left(0;3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+2\left(m-1\right)x+m+3\ge0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left(0;3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\left(2x+1\right)\ge x^2+2x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge\dfrac{x^2+2x-3}{2x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge\max\limits_{\left[0;3\right]}\dfrac{x^2+2x-3}{2x+1}\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^2+2x-3}{2x+1}\) trên \(\left(0;3\right)\)
\(f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{2\left(x^2+x+4\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}>0\) ; \(\forall x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) đồng biến
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)< f\left(3\right)=\dfrac{12}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow m\ge\dfrac{12}{7}\)
a) \(I_4=\int\dfrac{3x+5}{2x^2+x+10}dx\)
\(=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}\left(4x+1\right)+\dfrac{17}{4}}{2x^2+x+10}dx=\dfrac{3}{4}\int\dfrac{\left(4x+1\right)dx}{2x^2+x+10}+\dfrac{17}{4}\int\dfrac{dx}{2x^2+x+10}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\int\dfrac{d\left(2x^2+x+10\right)}{2x^2+x+10}+\dfrac{17}{8}\int\dfrac{dx}{x^2+\dfrac{x}{2}+5}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\ln\left(2x^2+x+10\right)+\dfrac{17}{8}\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{79}{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\ln\left(2x^2+x+10\right)+\dfrac{17}{8}\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{79}{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\ln\left(2x^2+x+10\right)+\dfrac{17}{8}\int\dfrac{d\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{79}}{4}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\ln\left(2x^2+x+10\right)+\dfrac{17}{8}.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{79}}arctan\left(\dfrac{4x+1}{\sqrt{79}}\right)+C\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\ln\left(2x^2+x+10\right)+\dfrac{17}{2\sqrt{79}}arctan\left(\dfrac{4x+1}{\sqrt{79}}\right)+C\)
b) \(I_5=\int\dfrac{4x-1}{6x^2+9x+4}dx\)
\(=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(12x+9\right)-4}{6x^2+9x+4}dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\dfrac{\left(12x+9\right)dx}{6x^2+9x+4}-4\int\dfrac{dx}{6x^2+9x+4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\dfrac{d\left(6x^2+9x+4\right)}{6x^2+9x+4}-4\int\dfrac{dx}{\left(3x+1\right)^2+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\ln\left(6x^2+9x+4\right)-\dfrac{4}{3}\int\dfrac{d\left(3x+1\right)}{\left(3x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\ln\left(6x^2+9x+4\right)-\dfrac{4}{3}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}arctan\left(\dfrac{3x+1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+C\)
Gọi V là thể tích khi quay phần giới hạn bởi \(y=\dfrac{1}{x}\) ; x=1, y=0; Ox quanh Ox
\(\Rightarrow V=V_1+V_2\)
\(V=\pi\int\limits^5_1\dfrac{1}{x^2}dx=\dfrac{4\pi}{5}\)
\(V_1=\pi\int\limits^k_1\dfrac{1}{x^2}dx=-\dfrac{\pi}{x}|^k_1=\pi-\dfrac{\pi}{k}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_2=V-V_1=\dfrac{4\pi}{5}-\pi+\dfrac{\pi}{k}=\dfrac{\pi}{k}-\dfrac{\pi}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\pi-\dfrac{\pi}{k}=2\left(\dfrac{\pi}{k}-\dfrac{\pi}{5}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{15}{7}\)