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a.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{x+2}=a\\\sqrt[3]{x-2}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(2a^2-b^2=ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\2a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a^3=b^3\\8a^3=-b^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=x-2\left(vô-nghiệm\right)\\8\left(x+2\right)=-\left(x-2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{14}{9}\)
b.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{65+x}=a\\\sqrt[3]{65-x}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+4b^2=5ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-4b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=4b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a^3=b^3\\a^3=64b^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}65+x=65-x\\65+x=64\left(65-x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
Lấy phương trình trên trừ phương trình dưới thu được:
\(2\left(y-x\right)=-2\Rightarrow y=x-1\)
Thay vào phương trình dưới suy ra:
\(2\sqrt{2}x=4\sqrt{2}0\Rightarrow x=2\Rightarrow y=1\)
a) Ta có: \(\sqrt{25x+75}+3\sqrt{x-2}=2\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{9x-18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{x+3}+3\sqrt{x-2}=2\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{25x+75}=\sqrt{4x-8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25x-4x=-8-75\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21x=-83\)
hay \(x=-\dfrac{83}{21}\)
b) Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=4\\2x-1=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=5\\2x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=3x-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=3x-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=3x-5\left(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\2x+1=5-3x\left(x< \dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-3x=-5-1\\2x+3x=5-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6\left(nhận\right)\\x=\dfrac{4}{5}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Ta có: \(\sqrt{4x-12}-14\sqrt{\dfrac{x-2}{49}}=\sqrt{9x-18}+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-3}-2\sqrt{x-2}=3\sqrt{x-2}+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-3}-5\sqrt{x-2}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x-3\right)+25\left(x-2\right)-20\sqrt{x^2-5x+6}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-12+25x-50-8=20\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}=29x-70\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6=\dfrac{\left(29x-70\right)^2}{400}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6=\dfrac{841}{400}x^2-\dfrac{203}{20}x+\dfrac{49}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-441}{400}x^2+\dfrac{103}{20}x-\dfrac{25}{4}=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(\dfrac{103}{20}\right)^2-4\cdot\dfrac{-441}{400}\cdot\dfrac{-25}{4}=-\dfrac{26}{25}\)(Vô lý)
vậy: Phương trình vô nghiệm
a.
$x^2-11=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2=11$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\pm \sqrt{11}$
b. $x^2-12x+52=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-12x+36)+16=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-6)^2=-16< 0$ (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm.
c.
$x^2-3x-28=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-7x-28=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x(x+4)-7(x+4)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+4)(x-7)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x+4=0$ hoặc $x-7=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-4$ hoặc $x=7$
d.
$x^2-11x+38=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-11x+5,5^2)+7,75=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-5,5)^2=-7,75< 0$ (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
e.
$6x^2+71x+175=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 6x^2+21x+50x+175=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 3x(2x+7)+25(2x+7)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (3x+25)(2x+7)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 3x+25=0$ hoặc $2x+7=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{25}{3}$ hoặc $x=-\frac{7}{2}$
a: Ta có: \(\sqrt{1-x^2}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-x^2=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-x^2-x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\left(loại\right)\\x=1\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2+4x+4}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x+2\right|=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=x-2\left(x\ge-2\right)\\x+2=2-x\left(x< -2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow2x=0\)
hay x=0(loại)
1) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{y}=15\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11\sqrt{x}=33\\3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=3\\\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{x+3}+4\sqrt{y+1}=-4\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=0\\x+3=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Đk: \(x,y\ge0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}\ge0+1=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}\ge0+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=0,\sqrt{x+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}=0,\sqrt{y+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<tmđk>
Vậy hệ pt có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(0;0\right)\)
a: Ta có: \(\sqrt{4x+20}-3\sqrt{x+5}+\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{9x+45}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x+5}-3\sqrt{x+5}+4\sqrt{x+5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x+5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+5=4\)
hay x=-1
b: Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{9x-9}+24\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{64}}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{9}{2}\sqrt{x-1}+3\sqrt{x-1}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=289\)
hay x=290
a, \(16x^2-\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(4x-1-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(4x+1+\sqrt{3}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x-1-\sqrt{3}=0\\4x+1+\sqrt{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{4}\\x=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{3}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(x-2\sqrt{2x}+2=8\\ \Rightarrow x-\sqrt{8x}-6=0\\ \Rightarrow x-6=\sqrt{8x}\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-6\right)^2=\sqrt{8x}^2\\ \Rightarrow x^2-12x+36=8x\\ \Rightarrow x^2-20x+36=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x\right)-\left(18x-36\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-2\right)-18\left(x-2\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-18\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-18=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
1: Ta có: \(16x^2-\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x-\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(4x+\sqrt{3}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{4}\\x=\dfrac{-\sqrt{3}-1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2: Ta có: \(x-2\sqrt{2x}+2=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-2=2\sqrt{2}\\\sqrt{x}-2=-2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=2\sqrt{2}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=12+8\sqrt{2}\)
Các pt trên có 2 ẩn nên không thể tìm ra nghiệm (x;y) cụ thể. Nhưng ta có thể tìm nghiệm tổng quát của các pt đó.
a) pt đã cho \(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{3}=1+y\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{y\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)+1}{\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{y\sqrt{3}\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)+1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{y\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}\right)+1}{3}\)
Vậy nghiệm tổng quát của pt đã cho là \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\inℝ\\x=\frac{y\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}\right)+1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Làm tương tự với câu b.