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a) \(n_O=\dfrac{34,8-25,2}{16}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (bảo toàn O)
=> \(n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) (bảo toàn H)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{25,2}{56}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
nFe : nO = 0,45 : 0,6 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4
c) \(m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8\left(g\right)\)
Mà \(d_{H_2O}=1\left(g/ml\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2O}=10,8\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{3.2}{72}=\dfrac{2}{45}\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe+H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{2}{45}....\dfrac{2}{45}....\dfrac{2}{45}\)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{45}\cdot22.4=1\left(l\right)\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}FeCl_3\)
\(\dfrac{2}{45}.............\dfrac{2}{45}\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{45}\cdot162.5=7.22\left(g\right)\)
a. \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{33.6}{56}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,6 0,6
\(V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b. \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{80}{56}=\dfrac{10}{7}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 -> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,6 0,4
Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{7}}{3}\) > \(\dfrac{0.6}{3}\) => Fe dư , H2 đủ
\(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{7}}{3}-0,4\right).56\approx4,266\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{14.4}{160}=0.09\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(0.09.........0.27...0.18\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.27\cdot22.4=6.048\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.18\cdot56=10.08\left(g\right)\)
2)
nH2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
Fe2O3 + 3H2 -to-> 2Fe + 3H2O
0.1______0.3______0.2
mFe2O3 = 0.1*160 = 16 (g)
mFe = 0.2*56 = 11.2 (g)
3)
nFe3O4 = 11.6/232 = 0.05 (mol)
3Fe + 2O2 -to-> Fe3O4
0.15___0.1______0.05
mFe = 0.15*56 = 8.4 (g)
VO2 = 0.1*22.4 = 2.24 (l)
2KClO3 -to-> 2KCl + 3O2
1/15______________0.1
mKClO3 = 1/15 * 122.5 = 8.167 (g)
a)
3H2 + Fe2O3 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
b) nH2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 mol
Từ pt => nFe3O4 = 0,1 mol
=> mFe3O4 = 0,1. 232 = 23,2 g
Câu 1:
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{43,8}{36,5}=1,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{1,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, Fe p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(0.2........0.6........0.4........0.6\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.6\cdot22.4=13.44\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.4\cdot56=22.4\left(g\right)\)
Số phân tử H2O là : \(0.6\cdot6\cdot10^{23}=3.6\cdot10^{23}\left(pt\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}xFe+yH_2O\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_O=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(n_{Fe}:n_O=x:y=0,02:0,03=2:3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của oxit là Fe2O3
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{300\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}-2n_{H_2}=0,56\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=0,02\cdot56+300-0,02\cdot2=301,08\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot127}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx0,84\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,56\cdot36,5}{301,08}\cdot100\%\approx6,79\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
n HCl = 300.7,3%/36,5 = 0,6(mol)
n H2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02(mol)
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
n HCl > 2n H2 nên HCl dư
$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = 0,02(mol)$
$H_2 + O_{oxit} \to H_2O$
n O(oxit) = n H2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03(mol)
Ta có :
n Fe : n O =0,02 : 0,03 = 2 : 3
Vậy oxit là $Fe_2O_3$
b)
m dd = 0,02.56 + 300 -0,02.2 = 301,08(gam)
n HCl dư = 0,6 - 0,02.2 = 0,56(mol)
n FeCl2 = n Fe = 0,02(mol)
Vậy :
C% HCl = 0,56.36,5/301,08 .100% = 6,8%
C% FeCl2 = 0,02.127/301,08 .100% = 0,84%
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6-2,8=3,2g\)\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=0,05mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
0,05 0,05
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,075 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2}=0,075+0,05=0,125mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,125\cdot22,4=2,8l\)
nH2 = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 (mol)
mH2 = 0,15 . 2 = 0,3 (g)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 -> (t°) xFe + yH2O
nH2O = nH2 = 0,15 (mol)
b = mH2O = 0,15 . 18 = 2,7 (g)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng, ta có:
mFexOy + mH2 = mFe + mH2O
<=> mFe = 8 + 0,3 - 2,7 = 5,6 (g)
nFe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 (mol)
x : y = 0,1 : 0,15 = 2 : 3
=> Đó là oxit sắt III Fe2O3
gọi công thức Fe là Fe2Oy
=>Fe2Oy+yH2->2Fe+yH2O
n H2=\(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15 mol
n Fe2Oy=\(\dfrac{0,15}{y}\)
=>MFe2Oy=\(\dfrac{8}{\dfrac{0,15}{y}}\)=\(\dfrac{160y}{3}\)
Xét :
y=2=>M =\(\dfrac{320}{3}\) L
y=3=>M=160 (TM)
y=\(\dfrac{8}{3}\)=>M=\(\dfrac{1280}{9}\) L
=>CTHH Fe2O3