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nC=4,8/12=0,4(mol)
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: C+ O2 -to-> CO2
Ta có: 0,4/1 > 0,3/1
=> C dư, O2 hết, tính theo nO2
=> nCO2=nC(p.ứ)=nO2=0,3(mol)
=>nC(dư)=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)
=>mC(dư)=0,1.12=1,2(g)
V(CO2,đktc)=V(O2,đktc)=6,72(l) (Số mol tỉ lệ thuận thể tích)
\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(4mol\) \(2mol\)
Xét tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(2mol\) \(2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)
Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O2 pư hết
\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1 :
$n_C = \dfrac{4,8}{12} = 0,4(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,437}{24,79} = 0,3(mol)$$
$C + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_C : 1 > n_{O_2} : 1$ nên C dư
$n_{C\ pư} = n_{O_2} = 0,3(mol) \Rightarrow m_{C\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,3).12 = 1,2(gam)$
$\Rightarorw V_{CO_2} = V_{O_2} = 7,437(lít)$
Câu 2 :
$n_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,4}{24} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{9,916}{24,79} = 0,4(mol)$
$Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Mg} : 1 < n_{Cl_2} : 1$ nên $Cl_2$ dư
$n_{Cl_2\ pư} = n_{Mg} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Cl_2\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,1).71 = 21,3(gam)$
$n_{MgCl_2}= n_{Mg} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)$
$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$
b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$
Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư
$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$
c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$
PTHH: \(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=\dfrac{6,4}{12}=\dfrac{8}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) C còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7}{30}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7}{30}\cdot12=2,8\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nCnC == 4,812=0,4(mol)4,812=0,4(mol)
nO2nO2 == 6,7222,4=0,3(mol)6,7222,4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: C+O2C+O2 to→→to CO2CO2
Do: 0,4>0,30,4>0,3 →→ CC dư
Theo PT: nC(pư)nC(pư) == nCO2nCO2 == nO2nO2 == 0,3(mol)0,3(mol)
nC(dư)nC(dư) == 0,4−0,3=0,1(mol)0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)
mC(dư)mC(dư) == 0,1.12=1,2(g)0,1.12=1,2(g)
VCO2VCO2 == 0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
nFe = 16.8/56 = 0.3 (mol)
nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
2Fe + 3O2 -to-> Fe3O4
0.2___0.3________0.1
mFe dư = ( 0.3 - 0.2 ) * 56 = 5.6 (g)
mFe3O4 = 0.1*232 = 23.2 (g)
a)
3Fe+2O2→Fe3O4
b)
nFe=16,8/56=0,3mol
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3mol
Ta có: 0,3/3<0,3/2=> O2 dư tính theo Fe
nFe3O4=0,3/3=0,1
mFe3O4=0,1.232=23,2g
a, PTHH: S + O2 -> (t°) SO2
b, nS = 6,4/32 = 0,2 (mol)
nO2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
LTL: 0,2 < 0,3 => O2 dư
nO2 (pư) = nSO2 = nS = 0,2 (mol)
mO2 (dư) = (0,3 - 0,2) . 32 = 3,2 (g)
c, mSO2 = 64 . 0,2 = 12,8 (g)
a, \(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\)
\(nS=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(nO_2=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => oxi dư
\(nO_{2\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mO_{2\left(dư\right)}=0,1.32=3,2\left(g\right)\)
\(nSO_2=nS=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(mSO_2=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_2H_2+\dfrac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(Bđ:0.3.......0.5\)
\(Pư:0.2........0.5.........0.4.........0.2\)
\(Kt:0.1..........0..........0.4...........0.2\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0.4\cdot22.4=8.96\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{C_2H_2\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
Theo đề bài ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nC=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\\nO2=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(moL\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH :
\(C+O2-^{t0}->CO2\)
0,3mol..0,3mol...0,3mol
Theo PTHH ta có :
\(nC=\dfrac{4}{1}mol>nO2=\dfrac{0,3}{1}mol=>nC\left(d\text{ư}\right)\) ( tính theo nO2 )
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mC\left(d\text{ư}\right)=\left(4-0,3\right).12=44,4\left(g\right)\\VCo2\left(\text{đ}ktc\right)=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)