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a) PTHH : \(2Al+6HCl-->2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl-->FeCl_2+H_2\) (2)
\(H_2+CuO-t^o->Cu+H_2O\) (3)
b) Ta có : \(m_{CR\left(giảm\right)}=m_{O\left(lay.di\right)}\)
=> \(m_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=32-26,88=5,12\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=\frac{5,12}{16}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh (3) : \(n_{H_2\left(pứ\right)}=n_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(tổng.n_{H_2}=\frac{0,32}{80}\cdot100=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{cases}}\) => \(27a+56b=11\left(I\right)\)
Theo pthh (1) và (2) : \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\frac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\frac{3}{2}a+b=0,4\left(II\right)\)
Từ (I) và (II) => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}m_{Al}=27\cdot0,2=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(n_{H_2\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{1.344}{22.4}=0.06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0.448}{22.4}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0.06-0.02=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(.......0.04..0.04\)
\(m_{Cu}=0.04\cdot64=2.56\left(g\right)\)
\(2NaCl+2H_2O\underrightarrow{^{^{dpcmn}}}2NaOH+2H_2+Cl_2\)
\(0.04...........................................0.04\)
\(m_{NaCl}=0.04\cdot58.5=2.34\left(g\right)\)
nH2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
nCuO = 8/80 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: CuO + H2 -> (t°) Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,1 < 0,3 => H2 dư
nCu = nH2O = nCuO = 0,1 (mol)
mCu = 0,1 . 64 = 6,4 (g)
Số phân tử H2O: 0,1 . 6.10^23 = 0,6.10^23 (phân tử)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,15.152=22,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Chất rắn thu được sau pư gồm Cu và CuO dư.
⇒ m chất rắn = mCu + mCuO (dư) = 0,15.64 + 0,15.80 = 21,6 (g)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a---->1,5a--------------------------->1,5a
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
b------>b----------------------->b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=6,3\\1,5a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{6,3}=42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1,5+0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
c, đề yêu cầu jv?
PT: CuO + H2 ---> Cu + H2O
a. Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: nCu = \(n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> mCu = 0,3 . 64 = 19,2(g)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{Cu}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2O}=0,3.18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
b. Theo PT: nCuO = nCu = 0,3(mol)
=> mCuO = 0,3 . 80 = 24(g)
H2+CuO->Cu+H2O
0,3--0,3----0,3----0,3 mol
n H2=6,72\22,4=0,3 mol
=>m Cu=0,3.64=19,2g
=>m H2O=ơ0,3.18=5,4g
=>m CuO=0,3.80=24g