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\(a) n_P = \dfrac{18,6}{31} = 0,6(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4} = 0,9(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,15 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,18 \to O_2\ dư\\ n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,9-0,75).32 = 4,8(gam)\\ b) n_{Fe} = \dfrac{56}{56} = 1(mol)\)
\(3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ \dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3} = \dfrac{1}{3}<\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{2} = 0,45\to Fe\ cháy\ hết.\\ c)\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4} = 2n_{O_2} = 0,9.2 = 1,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4} = 1,8.158 =284,4(gam)\)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(m\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{48}{160}=0,3\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{ }2Fe+3H_2O\)
ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,45}{3}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}->H_2dư\)
H2 còn lại sau phản ứng
\(n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,15=0,15\left(m\right)\)
\(m_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,15.2=0,3\left(g\right)\)
b)\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\underrightarrow{ }ZnCl_2+H_2\)
tỉ lệ :1 2 1 1
số mol :0,15 0,3 0,15 0,15
\(m_{Zn}=0,15.65=9,75\left(g\right)\)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4,=4,48\left(l\right)\\ d.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dưsauphảnứng\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}.56=7,467\left(g\right)\)
a) n\(Zn\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2(mol)
n\(HCl\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=\)0,5(mol)
PTHH : Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 0,5
Lập tỉ lệ mol : \(^{\dfrac{0,2}{1}}\)<\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
n\(Zn\) hết , n\(HCl\) dư
-->Tính theo số mol hết
Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)
0,2 -> 0,4 0,2 0,2
n\(HCl\) dư= n\(HCl\)(đề) - n\(HCl\)(pt)= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)
m\(HCl\) dư= 0,1.36,5 = 3,65(g)
b) m\(ZnCl2\) = n.M= 0,2.136= 27,2 (g)
c)V\(H2\)=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
d) n\(Fe\)\(2\)O\(3\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{19,2}{160}\)=0,12 (mol)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2 0,12
Lập tỉ lệ mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<\(\dfrac{0,12}{1}\)
nH2 hết .Tính theo số mol hết
\(HCl\)
3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O
0,2-> 0,2
m\(Fe\)=n.M= 0,2.56= 11,2(g)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow Zn.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Zn\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
`n_(Zn)=m/M=(26)/65=0,4(mol)`
`n_(HCl)=m/M=(21,9)/36,5=0,6(mol)`
`PTHH:Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2 +H_2`
tỉ lệ: 1 ; 2 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,3<----0,6---->0,3----->0,3
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\right)\)
`=>` `Zn` dư, `HCl` hết, tính theo `HCl`
`V_(H_2)=n*22,4=0,3*22,4=6,72(l)`
`n_(Zn(dư))=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)`
`m_(Zn(dư))=n*M=0,1*65=6,5(g)`
a, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2,3}{36,5}=\dfrac{23}{365}\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,01}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{23}{365}}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{365}-0,02=\dfrac{157}{3650}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{157}{3650}.36,5=1,57\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\)
nZn=0.01 (mol)
nHCL=0.06 (mol)
pthh: Zn + 2HCL -> ZnCL2 +H2
PT: 1 2 1 1
ĐB: 0.01 0.06 / /
pứ: 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01
spu: 0 0.04 0.01 0.01
a)vậy chất dư spu là HCL
-> mHCL = 1.46 (g)
b) V H2 đktc = 0.224 (L)
a) nKMnO4= 63,2/158=0,4(mol)
nFe=0,5(mol)
PTHH: KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + 1/2 O2
0,4________________________________0,2(mol)
=>V(O2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,5_____________________0,5(mol)
=> V(H2,đktc)=0,5.22,4=11,2(l)
b) H2 + 1/2 O2 -to-> H2O
0,5/2 > 0,2/1
=> H2 dư, O2 hết, tính theo nO2
=> nH2(dư)=0,5 - 0,2.2=0,1(mol)
=>mH2(dư)=0,1.2=0,2(g)
c) nFe3O4=166/232= 83/116(mol)
PTHH: Fe3O4 + 4 H2 -to-> 3 Fe + 4 H2O
nFe3O4(p.ứ)=0,5/4=0,125(mol)
=> mFe3O4=0,125.232=29(g)
nFe=3/4. 0,5=0,375(mol)
=>mFe=0,375.56=21(g)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{Mg}=0,15(mol);n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)$
$Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2$
Do đó sau phản ứng thì HCl dư 0,1(mol)
a)
n Al = 10,8/27 = 0,4(mol)
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
n H2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)n Al = 0,6(mol)
=> V H2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)
b) n AlCl3 = n Al = 0,4(mol)
=> m AlCl3 = 0,4.133,5 = 53,4(gam)
c) n CuO = 16/80 = 0,2(mol)
CuO + H2 \(\xrightarrow{t^o}\) Cu + H2O
n CuO = 0,2 < n H2 = 0,6 => H2 dư
n H2 pư = n Cu = n CuO = 0,2 mol
Suy ra:
m H2 dư = (0,6 -0,2).2 = 0,8(gam)
m Cu = 0,2.64 = 12,8(gam)
a) nAl=0,4(mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nH2= 3/2 . nAl=3/2 . 0,4=0,6(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,6 x 22,4= 13,44(l)
b) nAlCl3= nAl=0,4(mol)
=>mAlCl3=133,5 x 0,4= 53,4(g)
c) nCuO=0,2(mol)
PTHH: CuO + H2 -to-> Cu + H2O
Ta có: 0,2/1 < 0,6/1
=> H2 dư, CuO hết, tính theo nCuO
=> nH2(p.ứ)=nCu=nCuO=0,2(mol)
=>nH2(dư)=0,6 - 0,2=0,4(mol)
=> mH2(dư)=0,4. 2=0,8(g)
mCu=0,2.64=12,4(g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17.92}{22.4}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{69.6}{232}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}3Fe+4H_2O\)
\(0.2..............0.8\)
\(m_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot232=23.2\left(g\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.8......................................0.8\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.8\cdot65=52\left(g\right)\)