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Bài này bạn chỉ cần chuyển vế biến đổi thôi là được , mình làm mẫu câu 2) :
\(\frac{a^2}{m}+\frac{b^2}{n}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{m+n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2n+b^2m}{mn}-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{m+n}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(a^2n+b^2m\right)-\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right).mn}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2mn+\left(bm\right)^2+\left(an\right)^2+b^2mn-a^2mn-2abmn-b^2mn}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(bm-an\right)^2}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow bm=an\)
Câu 3) áp dụng câu 2) để chứng minh dễ dàng hơn, ghép cặp 2 .
c) \(\left(ax+by\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(ax\right)^2+2axby+\left(by\right)^2\le\left(ax\right)^2+\left(ay\right)^2+\left(bx\right)^2+\left(by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2axby\le\left(ay\right)^2+\left(bx\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(ay\right)^2-2axby+\left(bx\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\)
1: \(\Leftrightarrow a^5-a^4b+b^5-ab^4>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4\left(a-b\right)-b^4\left(a-b\right)>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\cdot\left(a+b\right)\cdot\left(a^2+b^2\right)>=0\)(luôn đúng khi a,b dương)
e)\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+1\)
\(=\left(1+1\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(=2+\left(\frac{a.a}{b.a}+\frac{b.b}{a.b}\right)\)
\(=2+\frac{a.a+b.b}{b.a}\)
Vì \(\frac{a.a+b.b}{a.b}>=2\)
Nên \(2+\frac{a.a+b.b}{a.b}>=2+2=4\)
Hay \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)>=4\)
a) \(a^2+b^2-2ab\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\) là binh phương của một số nên \(\left(a-b\right)^2>=0\)
Hay \(a^2+b^2-2ab>=0\)
bài 1) Đặt \(B=\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\)
Ta có: \(A=B.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(B.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left[\frac{\left(n-p\right).n}{mn}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).m}{mn}\right]=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{n^2-np+pm-m^2}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{\left(m-n\right).mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-pm-pn}{mn}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{mn}\)
Vì m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
\(=>B.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(-p\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^2}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\left(1\right)\)
\(B.\frac{m}{n-p}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).n}{np}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).p}{np}\right]=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{mn-n^2+p^2-mp}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m.\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{\left(n-p\right).np}=1+\frac{m.\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m^2-mn-mp}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m\left(n+p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m.\left(-m\right)}{np}=1+\frac{2m^2}{np}=1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\left(2\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>n+p=-m)
\(B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).m}{pm}+\frac{\left(n-p\right).p}{pm}\right]=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{m^2-mn+np-p^2}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{\left(p-m\right).pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n^2-np-mn}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n\left(p+m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n.\left(-n\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^2}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\left(3\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>p+m=-n)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra :
\(A=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}=3+\frac{2.\left(m^3+n^3+p^3\right)}{mnp}\)
*Tới đây để tính được m3+n3+p3,ta cần CM được bài toán phụ sau:
Đề: Cho m+n+p=0.CMR: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
Từ m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
Ta có: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=\left(m+n\right)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2+p^3=-p^3-3mn\left(m+n\right)+p^3\)
\(=-3mn\left(m+n\right)=-3mn.\left(-p\right)=3mnp\)
Vậy ta đã CM được bài toán phụ
*Trở lại bài toán chính: \(A=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+\frac{6mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy A=9
bài 2)
a)Nhận thấy các thừa số của A đều có dạng tổng quát sau:
\(n^3+1=n^3+1^3=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
\(n^3-1=n^3-1^3=\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
suy ra \(\frac{n^3+1}{n^3-1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}=\frac{\left(2+1\right).\left[\left(2-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(2-1\right).\left[\left(2+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{3.\left(1,5^2+0,75\right)}{1.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(\frac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}=\frac{\left(3+1\right).\left[\left(3-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(3-1\right).\left[\left(3+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{4.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}{2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
...........................
\(\frac{10^3+1}{10^3-1}=\frac{\left(10+1\right).\left[\left(10-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(10-1\right).\left[\left(10+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{9.\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(=>A=\frac{3\left(1,5^2+0,75\right).4\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)........11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{1\left(2,5^2+0,75\right).2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)........9\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}=\frac{3.4........11}{1.2......9}.\frac{1,5^2+0,75}{10,5^2+0,75}\)
\(=\frac{10.11}{2}.\frac{1}{37}=\frac{2036}{37}\)
Vậy A=2036/37
b) có thể ở chỗ 1+1/4 bn nhầm,phải là \(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\) ,mà chắc cũng chẳng sao,vì 14=1 mà
Nhận thấy các thừa số của B có dạng tổng quát:
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=n^4+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2\right)^2+2.n^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}-n\right)\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}+n\right)\)
\(B=\frac{\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}+3\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}-3\right)..........\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}-9\right).\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}+9\right)}{\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}-2\right).\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}+2\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}-4\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}+4\right)......\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}-10\right).\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10\right)}\)
Mặt khác,ta cũng có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+2a+1-a-1+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+a+\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(B=\frac{1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1}{10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10}=\frac{1}{221}\)
Vậy B=1/221
Đặt \(\left|x-3\right|=a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a\left(2-a\right)=-a^2+2a=-\left(a-1\right)^2+1\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{max}=1\) khi \(a=1\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=1\\x-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
17) \(\frac{10x^2-7x-5}{2x-3}\) là số nguyên khi 10x² - 7x - 5 \(⋮\) 2x - 3
Ta có: 10x² - 7x - 5 = 10x² - 15x + 8x - 12 + 7 = 5x(2x-3) + 4(2x-3) + 7
\(\Rightarrow\) 10x² - 7x - 5 \(⋮\) 2x - 3 khi và chỉ khi 7 chia hết cho 2x-3
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x - 3 \(\in\) Ư(7) \(\Leftrightarrow\) 2x - 3 = \(\left\{-1;1;-7;7\right\}\)
TH1: 2x-3 = -1 <=> x = 1
TH2: 2x-3 = 1 <=> x = 2
TH3: 2x-3 = -7 <=> x = -2
TH4: 2x-3 = 7 <=> x = 5
Vây có 4 giá trị nguyên của x là \(\left\{-2;1;2;5\right\}\)
23) Cm rằng
a) a2+b2−2ab ≥0
Ta có: a2+b2−2ab = a2−2ab+b2 = (a - b)2 ≥ 0 (đpcm)
b)\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) ≥ ab
Ta có: (a-b)2 ≥0 vs mọi a,b
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2−2ab+b2 ≥0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2+b2 ≥ 2ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) ≥ ab (đpcm)
c) a(a+2)<(a+1)2
Ta có: a(a+2)= a2+2a
(a+1)2 = a2 + 2a + 1
\(\Rightarrow\) a(a+2)<(a+1)2 (đpcm)
d) m2+n2+2 ≥ 2(m+n)
Ta có: (m-n)2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2- 2mn+n2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2+n2 \(\ge\) 2mn
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2+n2+2 \(\ge\) 2mn+2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2+n2+2 ≥ 2(m+n) (đpcm)
e) (a+b)(\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\))≥4 (với a>0, b>0)
Ta có: (a - b)2 ≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2−2ab+b2 ≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2+2ab - 4ab+b2 ≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a + b)2 - 4ab≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a + b)2 ≥ 4ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}\) ≥ 4
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b) ( \(\frac{a+b}{ab}\) ) ≥ 4
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)(\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\))≥4 (vs a,b > 0) (đpcm)
a/ Bạn cứ khai triển biến đổi tương đương thôi (mà làm biếng lắm)
b/ Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(VT=\frac{x^3yz}{y+z}+\frac{y^3zx}{z+x}+\frac{xyz^3}{x+y}=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
cảm ơn bạn nhưng nạ có thể giải nốt cậu a hộ mình đc ko
