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Đặt \(a=\frac{x}{3};b=\frac{y}{3};c=\frac{z}{3}\)=> \(x+y+z=3\)
=> Cần Cm: \(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\le4\)
Giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\)
=> \(z\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\ge0\)
=> \(xyz+z^2y\ge y^2z+z^2x\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=> \(xyz+z^2y+x^2y\le4\)
<=> \(y\left(x^2+z^2+xz\right)\le4\)
<=>\(y.\left[\left(3-y\right)^2-xz\right]\le4\)
Do \(xz\ge0\)
=> \(y\left(3-y\right)^2\le4\)
<=> \(y^3-6y^2+9y-4\le0\)
<=> \(\left(y-4\right)\left(y-1\right)^2\le0\)luôn đúng do \(y< 3< 4\)
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=2;y=1;z=0\)và các hoán vị
=> \(a=\frac{2}{3};b=\frac{1}{3};c=0\)và các hoán vị
BĐT
<=> \(\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{3\left(ac+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{a\left(a\left(b+c\right)+bc\right)}{b+c}+...\right)\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{abc}{b+c}\le abc.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right)\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)(luôn đúng )
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Cách này chủ yếu biến đổi tương đương nên chắc phù hợp với lớp 8
Nếu sử dụng SOS nhìn vào sẽ làm đc liền vì có Nesbitt lẫn \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
\(\left(4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge\left(2a+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b+c}}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(2a+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b+c}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4b+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+c}}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4c+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)
Cũng theo Bunhiacopxki:
\(1.\sqrt{a+b}+1.\sqrt{b+c}+1\sqrt{c+a}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{a+b+c}{8}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}.6+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{81\left(a+b+c\right)}{32.6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\left(2+7\right)\left(2a^2+\dfrac{7}{b^2}\right)\ge\left(2a+\dfrac{7}{b}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+\dfrac{7}{b^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2a+\dfrac{7}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{2b^2+\dfrac{7}{c^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2a+\dfrac{7}{c}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2c^2+\dfrac{7}{a^2}}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2c+\dfrac{7}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2a+2b+2c+\dfrac{7}{a}+\dfrac{7}{b}+\dfrac{7}{c}\right)=2+\dfrac{7}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(VT\ge2+\dfrac{7}{9}.\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=3\))
\(VT\ge2+\dfrac{7}{9}.\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c}}\right)^2=9\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách 1
Áp dụng BĐT cosi ta có:
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{b}+2b\ge2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
=> \(\frac{a^2}{b}+3b\ge2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Tương tự
=> \(VT+3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+2\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)
Lại có \(\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge a+b;\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge b+c;\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge a+c\)
=> \(VT\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{a^2+c^2}\right)\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Cách 2 tương tự dùng Buniacoxki