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Với mọi n nguyên dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Với k nguyên dương thì
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}=\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
\(=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k-1}\)(*)
Đặt A = vế trái. Áp dụng (*) ta có:
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\)
...
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{79}\)
Cộng tất cả lại
\(2A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-1=8\Rightarrow A>4\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1.\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow b.\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}+b.\sqrt{a-1}\le a.b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=2\)
a: \(A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}=-2\sqrt{b}\)
b: \(B=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-x-x-\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2x+\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x-1}\)
c: \(C=\dfrac{x-9-x+3\sqrt{x}}{x-9}:\left(\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{x-9}{x+\sqrt{x}-6}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{x-9}:\dfrac{9-x+x-4\sqrt{x}+4+x-9}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{x-4\sqrt{x}+4}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
a, \(\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3}+1}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{3-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{6+\sqrt{3}-3+6-\sqrt{3}-3}{9-3}=\frac{6}{6}=1\)
b, \(\frac{1}{x+\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-1}-\frac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}+\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}\right)}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}-1+2x-\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\frac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\)