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\(\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+1}=\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}=\dfrac{x-y}{z\left(z+y\right)+x\left(z+y\right)}=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y-z}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\);\(\dfrac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
1) \(21x^2+21y^2+z^2\)
\(=18\left(x^2+y^2\right)+z^2+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\ge9\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2+3.2xy\)
\(\ge2.3\left(x+y\right).z+6xy\)
\(=6\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=6.13=78\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y ; 3(x+y) = z; xy + yz + zx= 13 <=> x = y = 1; z= 6
2) \(x+y+z=3xyz\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=3\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{x}=a;\frac{1}{y}=b;\frac{1}{z}=c\)=> ab + bc + ca = 3
Ta cần chứng minh: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2\ge6\)
Ta có: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2=\left(a^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+c^2\right)+b^2\)
\(\ge2ac+\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\ge2ac+2\left(a+c\right).b=2\left(ac+ab+bc\right)=6\)
Vậy: \(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{3}{z^2}\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = c = \(\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\); \(b=2\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)
khi đó: \(x=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}};y=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)
Ta có \(27=xy+yz+zx\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(xyz\right)^2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow9\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(xyz\right)^2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow729\ge\left(xyz\right)^2\) \(\Leftrightarrow27\ge xyz\) \(\Leftrightarrow27\left(xyz\right)^2\ge\left(xyz\right)^3\) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}\sqrt[3]{xyz}\ge\sqrt{xyz}\) (lấy căn bậc 6 2 vế) \(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\ge\sqrt{3xyz}\)
Do đó \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\ge\sqrt{3xyz}\). ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Ta có: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{3}=\frac{16}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(P=xy+yz+zx-2xyz=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-2xyz\)
\(P=xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và hoán vị
Do vai trò của x;y;z là như nhau, ko mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(z=min\left\{x;y;z\right\}\Rightarrow z\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(P=xy\left(1-2z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=xy\left(1-2z\right)+z\left(1-z\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\left(1-2z\right)+z\left(1-z\right)=\dfrac{\left(1-z\right)^2\left(1-2z\right)}{4}+z\left(1-z\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1+z^2-2z^3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{z.z.\left(1-2z\right)}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{27.4}\left(z+z+1-2z\right)^3=\dfrac{7}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)