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\(x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2019\sqrt{2019}+2018\sqrt{2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y.\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)^2=2018+\sqrt{2019}\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\left(4037-2\sqrt{2019.2018}\right)=4037-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037.y-4037=2y\sqrt{2019.2018}-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037y-4037=\left(2y-1\right).\sqrt{2019.2018}\)(1)
Do \(x;y\) hữu tỉ \(\Rightarrow x+4037y-4037\) và \(2y-1\) đều là số hữu tỉ
Mà \(\sqrt{2019.2018}\) là số vô tỉ
\(\Rightarrow\)đẳng thức (1) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=0\\x+4037y-4037=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4037}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:Áp dụng C-S dạng engel
\(\frac{3}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{6}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2>14\)
Lời giải:
PT \(\Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{x+2018}+2\sqrt{y-2019}+2\sqrt{z-2}=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+2018-2\sqrt{x+2018}+1)+(y-2019-2\sqrt{y-2019}+1)+(z-2-2\sqrt{z-2}+1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x+2018}-1)^2+(\sqrt{y-2019}-1)^2+(\sqrt{z-2}-1)^2=0\)
Vì \((\sqrt{x+2018}-1)^2\geq 0; (\sqrt{y-2019}-1)^2\geq 0; (\sqrt{z-2}-1)^2\geq 0\). Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
\((\sqrt{x+2018}-1)^2=(\sqrt{y-2019}-1)^2=(\sqrt{z-2}-1)^2= 0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=-2017\\ y=2020\\ z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
Đặt 2018=a
\(B=\sqrt{1+a^2+\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\)
\(=1+a-\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}=1+a=2019\)
a) Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2019}\right)^2=2017+2019+2\sqrt{2017.2019}\)
\(=4036+2\sqrt{\left(2018-1\right).\left(2018+1\right)}\)
\(=4036+2\sqrt{2018^2-1}< 4036+2\sqrt{2018^2}=2018.4=\left(2\sqrt{2018}\right)^2\)
Vậy x < y
\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2018}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2018}\right)=2018\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2018\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{y^2+2018}-y\right)\\2018\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{x^2+2018}-x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\sqrt{x^2+2018}=\sqrt{y^2+2018}-y\\y+\sqrt{y^2+2018}=\sqrt{x^2+2018}-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(x+y=-x-y\Rightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{2019}=-y^{2019}\Rightarrow x^{2019}+y^{2019}=0\)