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\(x^3+3x^2+3x+1+y^3+3y^2+3y+1+x+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+x+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+1\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+2=0\Rightarrow x+y=-2\)
Mà \(xy>0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 0\\y< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=-\left(\frac{1}{-x}+\frac{1}{-y}\right)\le-\frac{4}{-x-y}=-2\)
\(P_{max}=-2\) khi \(x=y=-1\)
Có: \(x^3+y^3+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+1\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}=-\frac{2}{xy}\le-\frac{2}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}=-2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi: \(x=y=-1\)
Vậy:....
Bạn Nguyễn Đức Thắng làm đúng rồi. Tuy nhiên bạn làm tắt quá.
\(x^3+y^3+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)+4\)
= \(\left(x^3+3x^2+3x+1\right)+\left(y^3+3y^2+3y+1\right)+\left(x+y\right)+2\)
= \(\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(x+y+2\right)\)
= \(\left[\left(x+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2\right]+\left(x+y+2\right)\)
= \(\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2\right]+\left(x+y+2\right)\)
= \(\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+1\right]\)
= \(\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-2.\left(x+1\right).\frac{1}{2}\left(y+1\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(y+1\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y+1\right)^2+1\right]\)
= \(\left(x+y+2\right)\left\{\left[\left(x+1\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(y+1\right)\right]^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y+1\right)^2+1\right\}\)
Biểu thức trên bằng 0 khi x + y + 2 = 0, lý luận tiếp theo như của bạn Nguyen Duc Thang
\(x^3+3x^2+3x+1+y^3+3y^3+3y+1+x+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+x+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\right)+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+2=0\)
(phần trong ngoặc \(\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3\left(y+1\right)^2}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(x+1-\frac{y+1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(y+1\right)^2}{4}+1\) luôn dương)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=-2\)
Mà \(xy>0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 0\\y< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x>0\\-y>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{-x}+\frac{1}{-y}\ge\frac{4}{-\left(x+y\right)}=2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\le-2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=-1\)
2/ \(x;y;z\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{xz+yz+z^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{xy+yz+xz+z^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\) dù trường hợp nào thì thay vào ta đều có \(B=0\)
3/ \(\Leftrightarrow mx-2x+my-y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\left(x+y\right)-\left(2x+y+1\right)=0\)
Gọi \(A\left(x_0;y_0\right)\) là điểm cố định mà d đi qua
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_0+y_0=0\\2x_0+y_0+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_0=-1\\y_0=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy d luôn đi qua \(A\left(-1;1\right)\) với mọi m
\(Q=\frac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{x^3\left(x+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(y+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^3+2y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(xy+2x+2y+4\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(2x+2y+8\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(x^4+y^4\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\)
\(Q=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\ge\frac{2x^2y^2+2xy\left(x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{2xy\left(xy+x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{8\left(x+y+4\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y>0\\x=y\\xy=4\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=2\)
Vậy GTNN của Q là 1 <=> x = y = 2
Or
\(Q-1=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-8\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\ge0\)*đúng do \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy=8\)*
Do đó \(Q\ge1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 2
1,ĐK: \(x,y\ne-2\)
HPT<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+2\right)+y\left(y+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)\left(1\right)\\x^2\left(x+2\right)^2+y^2\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\left(y+2\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(x+2\right)^2+2xy\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)+y^2\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\left(y+2\right)^2\\x^2\left(x+2\right)^2+y^2\left(y+2\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\left(y+2\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(2xy\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)=0\)
<=>\(2xy=0\) (do x+2 và y+2 \(\ne0\))
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại x=0 thay vào (1) có: \(y\left(y+2\right)=2\left(y+2\right)\) <=> y= \(\pm2\) => y=2 (vì y khác -2)
Tại y=0 thay vào (1) có: \(x\left(x+2\right)=2\left(x+2\right)\) => x=2
Vậy HPT có 2 nghiệm duy nhất (2,0),(0,2)
2, ĐK: \(y\ne-1\)
HPT <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=2\left(x+3\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(1\right)\\\frac{3x^2}{y+1}=4-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\frac{6\left(3+x\right)\left(y+1\right)}{y+1}=4-x\)
<=> 6(x+3)=4-x
<=> \(14=-7x\)
<=> \(x=-2\) thay vào (1) có \(4=2\left(y+1\right)\)
<=>y=1\(\)( tm)
Vậy hpt có một nghiệm duy nhất (-2,1)
3,\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-y=y^2-x\left(1\right)\\x^2-x=y+3\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT (1) <=> \(\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=0\)
<=> (x-y)(x+y+1)=0
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=-x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại x=y thay vào (2) có \(y^2-y=y+3\) <=> \(y^2-2y-3=0\) <=> (y-3)(y+1)=0 <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại y=-1-x thay vào (2) có: \(x^2-x=-1-x+3\) <=> \(x^2=2\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\x=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1-\sqrt{2}\\y=-1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hpt có 4 nghiệm (3,3),(-1,-1), ( \(\sqrt{2},-1-\sqrt{2}\)),( \(-\sqrt{2},-1+\sqrt{2}\))
4,\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{9}{2}\left(1\right)\\xy+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=5\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)(đk:\(x\ne0,y\ne0\))
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\\\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=u\\y+\frac{1}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u+v=\frac{9}{2}\\uv=5\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{9}{2}-v\\v\left(\frac{9}{2}-v\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{9}{2}-v\\\left(v-\frac{5}{2}\right)\left(v-2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{9}{2}-v\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=\frac{5}{2}\\v=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=\frac{5}{2}\\u=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=\frac{5}{2}\\u=2\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=2\\y+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tại \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=\frac{5}{2}\\y+\frac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hpt có 4 nghiệm (1,2),( \(1,\frac{1}{2}\)) ,( 2,1),(\(\frac{1}{2},1\)).
10.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3xy+y^2+x-y=0\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-2xy-xy+y^2+x-y=0\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)=0\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=2x+1\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x^2+x+1=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+x+1=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x^2+x+1=\left(2x+1\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\3x\left(x+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=-1\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=-1\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\sqrt{4x-1-2\sqrt{4x-1}+1}}{-\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right).y^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)^2}}{-\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right).y^2}\)
Do \(x>1\Rightarrow4x-1>1\Rightarrow\sqrt{4x-1}>1\Rightarrow\sqrt{4x-1}-1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)}{-\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right).y^2}=\frac{x^2-y^2}{-y^2}=1-\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2\)
\(A=-8\Rightarrow1-\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2=-8\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2=9\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\y< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}< 0\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}=-3\)
Những bài còn lại chỉ cần phân tích ra rồi rút gọn là được nha. Bạn tự làm nha!
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=a\\x-y=b\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\)ta có hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}2a+3b=4\\a+2b=5\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-7\\b=6\end{cases}}\)Từ đó ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=-7\\x-y=6\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=-\frac{13}{2}\end{cases}}\)PS: Cái đề chỗ 3(x+y) phải thành 3(x-y) chứ
sử dụng bất đẳng thức đối với pt2 he 1
pt 2<=>\(xy+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=4\)
áp dụng bdt cô si ta dễ dàng chứng minh được VT>=4. dau = xay ra <=>x=y=1
nhưng x,y có không âm đâu mà được phép áp dụng cosi
