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Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^x=a\\3^y=b\\4^z=c\end{matrix}\right.\) (với \(a;b;c>0\)) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(c-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{3}{4}\)
Gọi \(M\left(a;b;c\right)\) thì M thuộc mặt cầu tâm \(I\left(\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2}\right)\) bán kính \(R=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(T=2^{x+1}+3^{y+1}+4^{z+1}=2.2^x+3.3^y+4.4^z=2a+3b+4c\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+3b+4c-T=0\)
Gọi (P) là mặt phẳng thay đổi có phương trình \(2x+3y+4z-T=0\)
\(\Rightarrow M\in\left(P\right)\Rightarrow M\) thuộc giao của mặt cầu và (P)
Mà mặt cầu giao với (P) khi và chỉ khi:
\(d\left(I;\left(P\right)\right)\le R\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left|2.\frac{1}{2}+3.\frac{1}{2}+4.\frac{1}{2}-T\right|}{\sqrt{2^2+3^2+4^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|T-\frac{9}{2}\right|\le\frac{\sqrt{87}}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{-\sqrt{87}}{2}\le T-\frac{9}{2}\le\frac{\sqrt{87}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow T\le\frac{9+\sqrt{87}}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{x}{6};\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{z}{2}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow2^{6a}+4^{3b}+8^{2c}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow64^a+64^b+64^c=4\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(4=64^a+64^b+64^c\ge3\sqrt[3]{64^{a+b+c}}\Rightarrow64^{a+b+c}\le\dfrac{64}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le log_{64}\left(\dfrac{64}{27}\right)\Rightarrow M=log_{64}\left(\dfrac{64}{27}\right)\)
Lại có: \(x;y;z\ge0\Rightarrow a;b;c\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64^a\ge1\\64^b\ge1\\64^c\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(64^b-1\right)\left(64^c-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow64^{b+c}+1\ge64^b+64^c\) (1)
Lại có: \(b+c\ge0\Rightarrow64^{b+c}\ge1\Rightarrow\left(64^a-1\right)\left(64^{b+c}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow64^{a+b+c}+1\ge64^a+64^{b+c}\) (2)
Cộng vế (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow4=64^a+64^b+64^c\le64^{a+b+c}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow64^{a+b+c}\ge2\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge log_{64}2\)
\(\Rightarrow N=log_{64}2\)
\(\Rightarrow T=2log_{64}\left(\dfrac{64}{27}\right)+6log_{64}\left(2\right)\approx1,4\)
Có: \(z^2\ge2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-z\le x+y\le z\)
And: \(\frac{z^2}{4}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge\frac{2xy}{2}=xy\)
=> \(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(xy\right)^4}}+\frac{1}{z^4}=\frac{2}{\left(xy\right)^2}+\frac{1}{z^4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(\frac{z^2}{4}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{z^4}=\frac{33}{z^4}\)
And: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2}+\frac{z^4}{4}+\frac{3z^4}{4}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{6}+\frac{3z^4}{4}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}+z^2\right)^2}{6}+\frac{3z^4}{4}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{\left(-z\right)^2}{2}+z^2\right)^2}{6}+\frac{3z^4}{4}=\frac{\frac{9z^4}{4}}{6}+\frac{3z^4}{4}=\frac{9z^4}{8}\)
=> \(M=\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\left(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{y^4}+\frac{1}{z^4}\right)\ge\frac{33}{z^4}.\frac{9z^4}{8}=\frac{297}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x+y=-z\\x^2+y^2=\frac{z^2}{2}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{-z}{2}\)
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