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cho x,y,z >0 thỏa mãn \(2\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\). CMR: \(\dfrac{3yz}{x}+\dfrac{4zx}{y}+\dfrac{5xy}{z}\ge... - Hoc24
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{2a+b}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{a+2b+2a+b}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{3(a+b)}=\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{2a+b}\\ a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y=2019$ nên $2019-x=y; 2019-y=x$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM và Bunhiacopxky:
\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (xy+yx)(x+y)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}.(x+y)=\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}}}=\sqrt{2(x+y)}=\sqrt{2.2019}=\sqrt{4038}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{4038}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2019}{2}\)
\(1=x+y+3xy\le x+y+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)-4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đồng thời: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
Từ đó ta có:
\(A=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\)
\(A\le\sqrt{2\left[2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\le\sqrt{2\left(2-\dfrac{2}{9}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}-1=\dfrac{3+8\sqrt{2}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào 2 số dương có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{xy}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=4\)
`1/x+1/y>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`
`<=>1/2>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`
`<=>\sqrt{xy}>=4`
`=>\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}>=2.2=4`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=y=4`
\(GT\Leftrightarrow xy=2\left(x+y\right)\ge4\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow4\le\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=4\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\dfrac{3}{3xy\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(B\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{\left(x+y\right)^3}=4+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(B_{min}=4+2\sqrt{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt[4]{12}}{6+2\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt[4]{12}}{6+2\sqrt{3}}\right)\) và hoán vị
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Shwarz:
$B=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)}+\frac{1}{xy}$
$=\frac{1}{1-3xy}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{1-3xy}+\frac{3}{3xy}$
$\geq \frac{(1+\sqrt{3})^2}{1-3xy+3xy}=(1+\sqrt{3})^2$
Vậy $B_{\min}=(1+\sqrt{3})^2$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $xy=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}$
\(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=2020\)
BĐT trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020.2021}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}+a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020.2021}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020^2}{abc}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2020+a^2}=\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+a^2}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự:...
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(3\left(a+b+c\right)\le\dfrac{2020^2}{abc}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (hiển nhiên đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\) hay \(x=y=z\)
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}}\Rightarrow P^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{x}+2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(P^2=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}\right)-2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(P^2\ge3x+3y-2\sqrt{xy}\ge3\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=2\left(x+y\right)=4038\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{4038}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{2019}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y-2019}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\)
Lại có:
\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\dfrac{2019-y}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2019-x}{\sqrt{x}}\\ =\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{y}}-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow2P=\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{y}}=2019\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\ge2019\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt[4]{xy}}\\ \ge2019\dfrac{2}{\sqrt[2]{\dfrac{x+y}{2}}}=2019\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2019}{2}}}=2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2019}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=\dfrac{2019}{2}\)