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a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\) và \(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b}=k-1\\\dfrac{c-d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d}=k-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)
c) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)
d) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{b\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}\right)^3=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^3\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^3+b^3}{\left(dk\right)^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3k^3+b^3}{d^3k^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3\left(k^3+1\right)}{d^3\left(k^3+1\right)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) & (2)=>\(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}\)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)
\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}=\frac{\left(bk\right)^2-b^2}{bk.b}=\frac{b^2.k^2-b^2}{b^2k}=\frac{b^2\left(k^2-1\right)}{b^2k}=\frac{k^2-1}{k}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{c^2-d^2}{cd}=\frac{\left(dk\right)^2-d^2}{dk.d}=\frac{d^2k^2-d^2}{d^2k}=\frac{d^2\left(k^2-1\right)}{d^2.k}=\frac{k^2-1}{k}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=>\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{ab}=\frac{c^2-d^2}{cd}\).
vi ab = cd
=>a/b=c/d
=>a+c/b+d =a/b = c/d
=>a-c/b-d =a/b = c/d
(sgk s8 )