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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
Ta có hệ
\(\begin{cases} n_{NO_2} + n_{NO}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14 \\ 46.n_{NO_2} + 30n_{NO}=2.20,143.0,14=5,64 \end{cases}\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x=0,09 \\y=0,05 \end{cases}\)
Đặt \(n_{FeO}=n_{CuO}=n_{Fe_3O_4}=z\)
Áp dụng bảo toàn e:\( z+z=0,09+0,05.3 \Leftrightarrow z=0,12\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0,12(72+80+232)=46,08 \)
a) \(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.10,95}{100}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
b) \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{a}{100}=0,01a\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,05.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
______0,01a---->0,02a---->0,01a->0,01a___________(mol)
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
_0,1----->0,1___________________________________(mol)
=> 0,02a = 0,6 - 0,1
=> a = 25 (g)
c) \(V_{CO_2}=0,01.25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
d) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(CaCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,25.111}{25+200-0,25.44}.100\%=12,97\%\\C\%\left(HCl_{dư}\right)=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{25+200-0,25.44}.100\%=1,705\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=2.0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,m=m_{Zn}=0,15.65=9,75\left(g\right)\\ b,C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,15.136=20,4\left(g\right)\)
