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Bài 1:
\(A=\log_380=\log_3(2^4.5)=\log_3(2^4)+\log_3(5)\)
\(=4\log_32+\log_35=4a+b\)
\(B=\log_3(37,5)=\log_3(2^{-1}.75)=\log_3(2^{-1}.3.5^2)\)
\(=\log_3(2^{-1})+\log_33+\log_3(5^2)=-\log_32+1+2\log_35\)
\(=-a+1+2b\)
Bài 2:
\(\log_{30}8=\frac{\log 8}{\log 30}=\frac{\log (2^3)}{\log (10.3)}=\frac{3\log2}{\log 10+\log 3}\)
\(=\frac{3\log (\frac{10}{5})}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(\log 10-\log 5)}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(1-b)}{1+a}\)
\(a^2+4b^2=23ab\Rightarrow a^2+4ab+4b^2=27ab\Rightarrow\left(a+2b\right)^2=27ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2}{9}=3ab\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+2b}{3}\right)^2=3ab\)
Lấy logarit cơ số c hai vế:
\(log_c\left(\dfrac{a+2b}{3}\right)^2=log_c\left(3ab\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2log_c\dfrac{a+2b}{3}=log_c3+log_ca+log_cb\)
\(\Rightarrow log_c\dfrac{a+2b}{3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(log_ca+log_cb+log_c3\right)\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\log_ab=x\Rightarrow \log_ba=\frac{1}{x}\)
a)
\(A=(x+\frac{1}{x}+2)(x-\frac{1}{x}).\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=(1+\frac{1}{x^2}+2x)(x-\frac{1}{x})=\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2(x-\frac{1}{x})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=(1+\log_ba)^2(\log_ab-\log_ba)\)
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b) Điều kiện: \(x>0\)
Có \(1=\log_{ab}b.\log_b(ab)=\log_{ab}b(\log_ba+\log_bb)=\log_{ab}b(\frac{1}{x}+1)\)
\(\Rightarrow \log_{ab}b=\frac{x}{x+1}\)
Như vậy:
\(B=\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{x}+2}(x-\frac{x}{x+1})\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\sqrt{x^2+1+2x}(x-\frac{x}{x+1})=|x+1|.\frac{x^2}{x+1}\)
\(=(x+1)\frac{x^2}{x+1}=x^2=\log_a^2b\) (do \(x>0)\)
