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\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2u_n}{u_n+4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{u_n}\)
Đặt \(v_n=\dfrac{1}{u_n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}=2v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}=2\left(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x_{n+1}=2x_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x_n\) là CSN với công bội 2 \(\Rightarrow x_n=\dfrac{3}{2}.2^{n-1}=3.2^{n-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow v_n=x_n-\dfrac{1}{2}=3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3.2^{n-1}-1}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a;u_2=b\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a,u_2=b\\u_{n+2}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(v_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_2=u_2+\dfrac{1}{2}u_1=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\right]\)
\(t_n=u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t_1=u_1-\dfrac{1}{3}a-\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\\t_{n+1}=-\dfrac{1}{2}t_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow t_n=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow u_n=t_n+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
\(\Rightarrow limun=\lim\limits\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=0\)
À đính chính lại, đáp án ko phải bằng 0 đâu, vầy mới đúng
\(lim\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
Hiện tại mới nghĩ được câu b thôi
b/ \(u_1=\dfrac{1}{2};u_2=\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3};u_3=\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{2}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{4}...\)
Nhận thấy \(u_n=\dfrac{n}{n+1}\) , ta sẽ chứng minh bằng phương pháp quy nạp
\(n=k\Rightarrow u_k=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Chứng minh cũng đúng với \(\forall n=k+1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_{k+1}=\dfrac{k+1}{k+2}\)
Ta có: \(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{1}{2-u_k}=\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{k}{k+1}}=\dfrac{k+1}{k+2}\)
Vậy biểu thức đúng với \(\forall n\in N\left(n\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow limu_n=lim\dfrac{n}{n+1}=lim\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}=1\)
\(u_{n+1}^2=\dfrac{u_n^2}{1+u_n^2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}^2}=\dfrac{1}{u_n^2}+1\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{u_n^2}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{1}{2018^2}\\v_{n+1}=v_n+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(v_n\) là cấp số cộng với công sai d=1 \(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{2018^2}+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n^2=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{n+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}-1}\)
\(u_n^2< \dfrac{1}{2018^2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{n+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}-1}< \dfrac{1}{2018^2}\Rightarrow n...\)