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* Vì \(a,b\ge1\)nên \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)
Một cách tương tự: \(bc+1\ge b+c;ca+1\ge c+a\)
Với mọi số thực \(a\ge1\) ta luôn có: \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2\ge2a-1\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2a-1}\ge\frac{1}{a^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{2b-1}\ge\frac{1}{b^2};\frac{1}{2c-1}\ge\frac{1}{c^2}\)
Từ đó suy ra \(VT\ge\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{4ab}{ab+1}+\frac{4bc}{bc+1}+\frac{4ca}{ca+1}\)\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+4-\frac{4}{ab+1}+4-\frac{4}{bc+1}+4-\frac{4}{ca+1}\)\(\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}-\frac{4}{ab+1}-\frac{4}{bc+1}-\frac{4}{ca+1}+12\)\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\frac{4}{a+b}-\frac{4}{b+c}-\frac{4}{c+a}+12\)\(=\left(\frac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
VT=\(\frac{a^2}{ab+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{b^2}{bc+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{c^2}{ca+\frac{1}{a}}\)
áp dụng bđt cộng mẫu đc VT \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\forall a,b,c\)
Nên \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3abc}}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3abc}}=\frac{3abc}{1+abc}\left(đccm\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra <> a=b=c
Ta có :
\(\frac{4ab+1}{4ab}=1+\frac{1}{4ab}\ge1+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4ab}{4ab+1}\le\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}\)
Tương tự ta được :
\(\frac{4bc}{4bc+1}\le\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)^2}};\frac{4ca}{4ca+1}\le\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VP\le\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với
\(a+b+c\ge\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}\) (1)
Đặt \(a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z\)
\(x,y,z>0;x+y+z=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge2\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{z^2}}\right)\)
\(VP=\frac{2x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{2y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{2z^2}{z^2+1}\le\frac{2x^2}{2x}+\frac{2y^2}{2y}+\frac{2z^2}{2z}=x+y+z=VT\)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{4ab}{4ab+1}< =\frac{4ab}{2\sqrt{4ab}}=\sqrt{ab}\)
CMTT =>\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{4bc}{4bc+1}< =\sqrt{bc}\\\frac{4ac}{4ac+1}< =\sqrt{ac}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có \(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ac}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\left(a+2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)+\left(b+2\sqrt{bc}+c\right)+\left(c+2\sqrt{ac}+a\right)\right)\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\right)>=0\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c.
\(=>a+b+c>=\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)\(>=\frac{4ab}{4ab+1}+\frac{4bc}{4bc+1}+\frac{4ac}{4ac+1}\)
a/ \(\frac{4bc-a^2}{bc+2a^2}.\frac{4ab-c^2}{ab+2c^2}.\frac{4ac-b^2}{ac+2b^2}\)
\(=\frac{4bc-\left(b+c\right)^2}{bc+2\left(b+c\right)^2}.\frac{4\left(-b-c\right)b-c^2}{\left(-b-c\right)b+2c^2}.\frac{4\left(-b-c\right)c-b^2}{\left(-b-c\right)c+2b^2}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(c+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}.\frac{-\left(c+2b\right)^2}{-\left(b-c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}.\frac{-\left(b+2c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c+2b\right)}=1\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+ab}}\)\(=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\left(ab+c^2+c^2\right)}}\)\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2c^2}\)\(=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\ge ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc+2a^2}{1+bc-a^2}}\ge bc+2a^2\); \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ac+2b^2}{1+ac-b^2}}\ge ac+2b^2\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\ge2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+ab+bc+ac=2+ab+bc+ac\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Do \(a,b,c\ge1\) nên \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)
Mà \(\frac{4ab}{1+ab}=\frac{4\left(1+ab\right)-4}{1+ab}=4-\frac{4}{1+ab}\ge4-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{4bc}{1+bc}\ge4-\frac{4}{b+c};\frac{4ca}{1+ca}\ge4-\frac{4}{c+a}\)
Mặt khác:\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2\ge2a-1\)
Tương tự:\(b^2\ge2b-1;c^2\ge2c-1\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(LHS\ge\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+12-4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)=S\)
Áp dụng AM - GM ta dễ có:\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}=\frac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+12-4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\)
\(\ge9\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)
Mình cảm ơn bạn