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\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{ac}+\frac{2}{bc}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{c+b+a}{abc}\right)\)
Mà a+b+c = 0 nên suy ra:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{0}{abc}\right)=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
Ta có: (\(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\)+\(\frac{1}{c}\))\(^2\)= \(\frac{1}{a^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{b^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{c^2}\)+\(\frac{2}{abc}\)(\(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\))
Mà
A+B+C= 0
nên: VT = VP (đpcm)
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
=> ĐPCM
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)
Xét : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right).\left(c+a\right)=-3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) luôn chia hết cho 3
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\text{Mà }\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\Rightarrow2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2ab=-2bc-2ac\\2bc=-2ac-2ab\\2ac=-2ab-2bc\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{a^2-2ab-2ac}+\frac{b^2}{b^2-2ab-2bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2-2bc-2ac}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{a.\left(a-2b-2c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b.\left(b-2a-2c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c.\left(c-2b-2c\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{a}{a-2b-2c}+\frac{b}{b-2a-2c}+\frac{c}{c-2b-2c}\)
xét a + b + c = 0 khi đó a + b = -c ; b + c = -a ; a + c = -b
Ta có : \(A=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)=\frac{\left(-a\right)\left(-b\right)\left(-c\right)}{abc}=-1\)
xét a + b + c \(\ne\)0 . thì \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=2c;b+c=2a\)\(\Rightarrow a-c=2\left(c-a\right)\)\(\Rightarrow a=c\)( loại vì a khác c )
Vậy A = -1
1) Trước hết ta đi chứng minh BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a,b>0\) (1)
Thật vậy : BĐT (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}-\frac{4}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vì vậy BĐT (1) đúng.
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{a+c}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left[2.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh !
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) với a , b > 0
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\\\frac{1}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\\\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo từng vế
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+2\frac{1}{ab}+2\frac{1}{bc}+2\frac{1}{ac}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}\)
\(\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}=0\\ 2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=0\)
\(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}=0\\ \frac{abc^2+a^2bc+ab^2c}{a^2b^2c^2}=0\)
\(abc^2+a^2bc+ab^2c=0\\ abc\left(c+a+b\right)=0\)
\(a+b+c=0\)(DPCM)