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Bài dễ mừ, có phải Croatia thật ko vậy :)) (viết đề bị nhầm, là x,y,z dương chứ :))
Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz dạng cộng mẫu số:
\(\frac{x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z^2}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\ge\)
\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)+\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
Xét \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{4}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=z, Xong! :))
\(\Sigma\dfrac{a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a+c\right)}=\Sigma\left(\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{a^2\left(2+1\right)^2}{2a.\left(\Sigma a\right)+2a^2+bc}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{4a^2}{2a\left(\Sigma a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
\(=\Sigma\left(\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(\dfrac{2a}{\Sigma a}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(2+\Sigma\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
Cần chứng minh \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\le1\)
<=> \(\Sigma\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}\ge1\) (*)
Đặt (x;y;z) -------> \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Suy ra (*) <=> \(\Sigma\frac{x^2}{x^2+2xy}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\frac{\Sigma x^2}{\Sigma x^2}\ge1\) (đúng)
Vậy \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\le1\)
Suy ra \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2+\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2+1\right)=\frac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=a\\x-z=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow z-y=a-b\) và \(ab=1\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)
\(VT=a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+2ab=\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+2\)
\(VT\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}}+2=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)=1\\\left(y-z\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có : \(1+x^2=xy+yz+zx+x^2=x\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
b) \(\Sigma\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+z^2\right)}{1+x^2}}\right)=\Sigma\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right).\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)\)
\(=\Sigma\left(x\left(y+z\right)\right)=xy+xz+xy+yz+zx+zy=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=2\)
Ta có \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\)
Xét \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
<=> \(x^3\ge\left(2018^2-2.2018.x+x^2\right)\left(x-\frac{1009}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\ge x^3-x^2\left(\frac{1009}{2}+2018.2\right)+x\left(2018.1009+2018^2\right)-\frac{2018^2.1009}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}x^2-6.1009^2.x+2018.1009^2\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}\left(x^2-\frac{2.2018}{3}.x+\left(\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}\left(x-\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng)
=> \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
Khi đó \(VT\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}+y-\frac{1009}{2}+z-\frac{1009}{2}=2018-\frac{3}{2}.1009=\frac{1009}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2018}{3}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\)
xét \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
<=> \(x^3\ge\left(x^2-2.2018.x+2018^2\right)\left(x-\frac{1009}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\ge x^3-x^2\left(\frac{1009}{2}+2.2018\right)+x\left(2018^2+1009.2018\right)-\frac{2018^2.1009}{2}\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}x^2-6.1009^2.x+2018.1009^2\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}.\left(x-\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng)
=> \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge x+y+z-\frac{3.1009}{2}=\frac{1009}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2018}{3}\)
