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Giả sử \(c\le1\).
Khi đó: \(ab+bc+ca-abc=ab\left(1-c\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge abc\left(1\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra chẳng hạn với \(a=2,b=c=0\).
Theo giả thiết:
\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge2ab+c^2+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(c+2\right)\le4-c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\le2-c\)
Trong ba số \(\left(a-1\right),\left(b-1\right),\left(c-1\right)\) luôn có hai số cùng dấu.
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\).
\(\Rightarrow ab-a-b+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\ge a+b-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge ca+bc-c\)
\(\Rightarrow abc+2\ge ca+bc+2-c\ge ab+bc+ca\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\) Bất đẳng thức được chứng minh.
\(1+\dfrac{9}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge1+\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{6}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)-a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}-a\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}-\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Mặt khác áp dụng \(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge a+b+b+c+a+c=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c\) (đpcm)
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac+ab+bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ac+ab+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+bc+b^2+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Đặt: \(A=\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}\), khi đó ta được:
\(A^2=a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}+c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(+2\cdot\sqrt{\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)\left(b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)}+2\cdot\sqrt{\left(b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\left(c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}+2\cdot\sqrt{\left(c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)\left(b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(ab+\frac{1}{ab}\right)^2}=ab+\frac{1}{ab}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\left(c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(bc-\frac{1}{bc}\right)^2}=bc+\frac{1}{bc}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(ca+\frac{1}{ca}\right)^2}=ca+\frac{1}{ca}\)
Do đó ta có:
\(A^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(ab+bc+ca+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2=82\)
Hay \(A\ge\sqrt{82}\), vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh.
Mẫu số to quá nên ko nghĩ ra cách giải đẹp mắt:
Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\), ta cần c/m: \(A\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Do \(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+1+10a+20}\le\sum\dfrac{a+1}{2a+10a+20}=\sum\dfrac{a+1}{12a+20}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{3a+5}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{3a+3}{3a+5}-1\right)\le\dfrac{9}{4}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{3a+5}\ge\dfrac{3}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+10\left(a+b+c\right)+25}{\left(3a+5\right)\left(3b+5\right)\left(3c+5\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\) (quy đồng)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ca+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right)+25}{27abc+45\left(ab+bc+ca+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right)-15\left(a+b+c\right)+125}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+52}{27abc-15\left(a+b+c\right)+530}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow47\left(a+b+c\right)\ge27abc+114\)
Điều này đúng do:
\(9=2\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca\le2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c-3\right)\left(a+b+c+9\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Và: \(9=a+b+c+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge9\sqrt[9]{a^4b^4c^4}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}47\left(a+b+c\right)\ge141\\27abc+114\le27+114=141\end{matrix}\right.\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}=\sum \frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\sum [(a+1)-\frac{b^2(a+1)}{b^2+1}]=\sum (a+1)-\sum \frac{b^2(a+1)}{b^2+1}\)
\(=6-\sum \frac{b^2(a+1)}{b^2+1}\geq 6-\sum \frac{b^2(a+1)}{2b}=6-\sum \frac{ab+b}{2}\)
\(=6-\frac{\sum ab+3}{2}\geq 6-\frac{\frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)^2+3}{2}=6-\frac{3+3}{2}=3\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$