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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm và Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P+4=\frac{3b+3c}{2a}+\frac{4a+3c}{3b}+\frac{12b-12c}{2a+3c}+4=\frac{3b}{2a}+\frac{3c}{2a}+\frac{2a}{3b}+\frac{2a}{3b}+\frac{3c}{3b}+\frac{12b+8a}{2a+3c}\)
\(=(\frac{3b}{2a}+\frac{2a}{3b})+(\frac{3c}{2a}+\frac{3c}{3b})+(\frac{2a}{3b}+\frac{2a}{2a})+\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}-1\)
\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{3b}{2a}.\frac{2a}{3b}}+3c.\frac{4}{2a+3b}+2a.\frac{4}{3b+2a}+\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}-1\)
\(=2+\frac{4(3c+2a)}{2a+3b}+\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}-1\geq 2+2\sqrt{\frac{4(3c+2a)}{2a+3b}.\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}}-1\)
\(=2+8-1=9\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 5\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=5$
1)
\(2a+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{16}{a+2}=\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+\left[\left(a+2\right)+\frac{16}{a+2}\right]-2\ge4+8-2=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=2
2)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4a\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4a+1-4a}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4\left(1-4a\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4b+1-4b}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{4c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4c+1-4c}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a\left(1-4a\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(1-4b\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(1-4c\right)}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{8}\)
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\cdot\frac{c+a}{4ca}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà\(\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)nên:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
hay\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{b+1}{8}+\frac{c+1}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}a\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}a-\frac{1}{8}b-\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Sigma\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\) :)
Ta có \(x^3+y^3\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^3;xy\le\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2\) với mọi \(x,y>0\)
Kết hợp với giả thiết suy ra :
\(\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\le\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\le4\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c^3\le2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4}-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge4\)
Khi đó sử dựng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(\frac{2a^2}{3a^2+b^2+2a\left(c+2\right)}=\frac{a}{a+c+2+\left(\frac{b^2}{2a}+\frac{a}{2}\right)}\le\frac{a}{a+c+2+2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{2a}.\frac{a}{2}}}=\frac{a}{a+b+c+2}\)
Và \(\left(a+b\right)^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Suy ra \(P\le\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c+2}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{32}\)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\ge4,P\le f\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{t+2}-\frac{t^2}{32}\)
Ta có : \(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{2}{\left(t+2\right)^2}-\frac{t}{16}=\frac{32-t\left(t+2\right)^2}{16\left(t+2\right)^2}<0\) với mọi \(t\ge4\)
Suy ra hàm số \(f'\left(t\right)\) nghịch biến trên \(\left(4;+\infty\right)\). Do đó \(P\le f\left(t\right)\le f\left(4\right)=\frac{1}{6}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\begin{cases}a=b;a+b=c\\a+b+c=4\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1,c=2\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của P bằng \(\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\left(a+\frac{4b}{c^2}\right)\left(b+\frac{4c}{a^2}\right)\left(c+\frac{4a}{b^2}\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4ab}{c^2}}.2\sqrt{\frac{4bc}{a^2}}.2\sqrt{\frac{4ac}{b^2}}=64\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2\) ; \(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2\); \(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(P=\sum\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}}\le\sqrt{2}\sum\frac{a}{2a+b+c}=\sqrt{2}\sum a\left(\frac{1}{a+b+a+c}\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\sum\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2018 số:
\(2017.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}+\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018\sqrt[2018]{\left(6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\right)^{2017}\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}}=2018.2.6^{2017}.a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018.2.6^{2017}.a-2017.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018.4.6^{2017}.a-2017.2.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{2\left(2b\right)^{2018}}{n}\ge2018.4.6^{2017}.b-2017.2.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{n}\)
\(\dfrac{3.c^{2018}}{p}\ge2018.3.6^{2017}.c-2017.6^{2018}.3.\sqrt[2017]{p}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2018.6^{2017}\left(4a+4b+3c\right)-2017.6^{2018}\left(2\sqrt[2017]{m}+2\sqrt[2017]{n}+3\sqrt[2017]{p}\right)\)
\(\ge2018.6^{2017}.42-2017.6^{2018}.7=7.6^{2018}>6^{2018}\)
Vậy \(S>6^{2018}\)
