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Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{2017}{2017+b}+\frac{2018}{2018+c}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{1+a}\ge\frac{2017}{2017+b}+\frac{2018}{2018+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2017.2018}{\left(2017+b\right)\left(2018+c\right)}}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b}{2017+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2018}{\left(1+a\right)\left(2018+c\right)}}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c}{2018+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2017}{\left(1+a\right)\left(2017+b\right)}}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lấy (1), (2), (3) nhân vế theo vế rút gọi ta được
\(abc\ge2\sqrt{2017.2018}.2.\sqrt{2018}.2.\sqrt{2017}=8.2017.2018\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2018}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}=0\left(a+b+c=2018\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b+c-c}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac+bc+c^2+ab}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\times\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-c\\b=-c\\a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=2018\\a=2018\\c=2018\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{2018^{2017}}\)
hình như bạn bị sai rồi
a=-c
a=-b
b=-c
=>a=-b=-(-c)=c
mà a=-c =>vô lý
Cho 2 số thực dương a,b thỏa mãn \(a+b\le1\) . Tìm GTNN của
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$1\geq a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\leq \frac{1}{4}$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\frac{1}{1+a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{6ab}+\frac{1}{3ab}\geq \frac{4}{1+a^2+b^2+6ab}+\frac{1}{3ab}\)
\(=\frac{4}{1+(a+b)^2+4ab}+\frac{1}{3ab}\geq \frac{4}{1+1+4.\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{1}{3.\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{8}{3}\)
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{8}{3}$ khi $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
Đặt \(x=2a\)và \(y=2b\)suy ra \(\hept{\begin{cases}x>0\\y>0\\x+y\le2\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra : \(A=\frac{x}{y+2}+\frac{y}{x+2}+\frac{2}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{x^2}{xy+2x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+2y}+\frac{2}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(xy+x+y\right)}+\frac{2}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\left(x+y\right)\right)}+\frac{2}{x+y}\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\)( \(0< t\le2\))
Suy ra :
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{t^2}{\frac{t^2}{2}+2t}+\frac{2}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{2t}{t+4}+\frac{2}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{2t}{t+4}+\frac{4}{3}.\frac{1}{t}+\frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2t}{t+4}.\frac{4}{3}.\frac{1}{t}}+\frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{8}{3\left(t+4\right)}}+\frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{t}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{8}{3.\left(2+4\right)}}+\frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{3}\)
"=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2a+3b+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2b+3a+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{16}{2c+3a+3b}\)
cộng tất cả lại ta được \(4.2017\ge16.\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2b+3a+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2c+3a+3b}\right)< =>P\le\dfrac{2017}{4}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2b}=\dfrac{3}{2c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4034}}\)
\(R=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{1}=9\) ( Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(R\) là \(9\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(1-\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge\dfrac{2017}{b+2017}+\dfrac{2018}{c+2018}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2017.2018}{\left(b+2017\right)\left(c+2018\right)}}\)
\(1-\dfrac{2017}{b+2017}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{2018}{b+2018}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2018}{\left(1+a\right)\left(b+2018\right)}}\)
\(1-\dfrac{2018}{c+2018}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{2017}{b+2017}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2017}{\left(1+a\right)\left(b+2017\right)}}\)
Nhân vế:
\(\dfrac{abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2017\right)\left(c+2018\right)}\ge\dfrac{8.2017.2018}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2017\right)\left(c+2018\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge8.2017.2018\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2.1;2.2017;2.2018\right)=...\)