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Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki, ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(ab+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
ta có \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}=1\)
đặt \(H=\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki ta có
\(H\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow H\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
hay \(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\)
\(=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+1-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy :
\(VT\ge3-\left(\frac{a^2}{2a}+\frac{b^2}{2b}+\frac{c^2}{2c}\right)=3-\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
\(=3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(ab+ac+bc\le a^2+b^2+c^2\\ \Rightarrow3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\\ \Rightarrow3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9\\ \Rightarrow ab+ac+bc\le3\\ \Rightarrow2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\le6\)
Áp dụng BDT Cô-si với 3 số dương:
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{9}{a^2+1+b^2+1+c^2+1}\\ =\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}=\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6-3}\\ \ge\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)-3}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng liên tiếp AM - GM và Cauchy - Schwarz ta có :
\(\frac{a^2+ab+1}{\sqrt{a^2+3ab+c^2}}\ge\frac{a^2+ab+1}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+c^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+ab+1}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+1}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a^2+ab+1}=\sqrt{a^2+ab+a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\sqrt{\left(\frac{9}{4}+\frac{3}{4}+1+1\right)\left[\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3b^2}{4}+a^2+c^2\right]}\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left[\frac{3}{2}\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)+\frac{3}{4}b+a+c\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left(\frac{5}{2}a+\frac{3}{2}b+c\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự và công lại ta có đpcm
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\)
\(\frac{c}{1+d^2}\ge c-\frac{cd}{2}\)
\(\frac{d}{1+a^2}\ge d-\frac{ad}{2}\)
Lại có \(ab+bc+cd+da\le\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4}=\frac{4^2}{4}=4\)
Do đó \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+d^2}+\frac{d}{1+a^2}\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)-\frac{ab+bc+cd+da}{2}\)
\(\ge4-\frac{4}{2}=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Có: \(VT=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)được
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà\(\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(Chuyển vế đưa thành tổng bình phương)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge...\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1