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\(K=\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+c^2\right)-c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\).
Vì \(a,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(a^2+c^2\ge2ac\).
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2ac^2\).
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2ac^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{c^2}{2ac^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\) .
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:
\(\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\).
Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)(theo đề bài).
Do đó \(K\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3abc}{2abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3}{2}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=3abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
Vậy \(minK=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
a) Từ đề bài có: \(x\left(x-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow x^2\le x\)
Tương tự hai BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(M=x+y+z-3\ge x^2+y^2+z^2-3=-2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi (x;y;z) = (0;0;1) và các hoán vị của nó
Is it true?
\(4\le\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{xy}+1\le\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{x+y}{2}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(8\le x+y+2\sqrt{x+y}\sqrt{2}+2=\left(\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{2}\ge\sqrt{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x+y\ge\left(\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P=\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
\(A=a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
\(A_{min}=-2\) khi \(a+b+c=-1\) (có vô số bộ a;b;c thỏa mãn điều này)
Với mọi a;b;c ta luôn có:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12\ge2A\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le6\)
\(A_{max}=6\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a, Từ x+y=1
=>x=1-y
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3=\left(1-y\right)^3+y^3=1-3y+3y^2-y^3+y^3\)
\(=3y^2-3y+1=3\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{3}\right)=3\left(y^2-2.y.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{12}\right)\)
\(=3\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\right]=3\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\) với mọi y
=>GTNN của x3+y3 là 1/4
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(< =>\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0< =>y=\frac{1}{2}< =>x=y=\frac{1}{2}\) (vì x=1-y)
Vậy .......................................
b) Ta có: \(P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{y+x}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+x\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{z+x}+y\right)+\left(\frac{z^2}{y+z}+z\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\frac{x\left(x+y+z\right)}{y+z}+\frac{y\left(x+y+z\right)}{z+x}+\frac{z\left(x+y+z\right)}{y+z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{y+x}-1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{y+x}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z+x}+1\right)+\left(\frac{z}{y+x}+1\right)-3\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z}{y+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{z+x}+\frac{x+y+z}{y+x}-3\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{y+x}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)-3\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)-3\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
(phần này nhân phá ngoặc rồi dùng biến đổi tương đương)
\(=>P=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{y+x}-1\right)\ge2\left(\frac{3}{2}-1\right)=1\)
=>minP=1
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>x=y=z
Vậy.....................
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{ab}{4\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(+\frac{ab}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(P\)\(\le\left[\frac{ab}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{bc}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{4\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{ab+bc}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc+ac}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab+ac}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{ab}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu gọn lại ta có :
\(P\le\left[\frac{ab}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{bc}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac}{4\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{ab+bc}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc+ac}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab+ac}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
