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a.Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2
b.\(nH2=\dfrac{4.704}{22.4}=0.21mol\) = nMg
mMg = 0.21\(\times24=5.04g\)
\(\%mMg=\dfrac{5.04\times100}{25}=20.16\%\)
\(\%mAg=100-20.16=79.84\%\)
c.MgSO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + Mg(OH)2
0.21 0.42
H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + H2O
0.04 0.08
\(nH2SO4=\dfrac{9.8\times250}{100\times98}=0.25mol\)
Mà nH2SO4 phản ứng = nH2 = 0.21 mol
\(\Rightarrow nH2SO4dư=0.25-0.21=0.04mol\)
=> nKOH = 0.42 + 0.08 = 0.5mol
\(\Rightarrow CM_{KOH}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.625}=0.8M\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{ZnCl_2}\\n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0.3\cdot65}{35,5}\cdot100\%\approx54,93\%\\\%m_{Cu}=45,07\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{500}\cdot100\%=4,38\%\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\cdot136=40,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=35,5-0,3\cdot65=16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=518,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{518,9}\cdot100\%\approx7,86\%\)
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2 (Fe và Cu ko tan trong nước)
0,2 0,1
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2 (Cu ko phản ứng với HCl)
0,1 0,2
mChất rắn còn lại = mCu = 6,6 (g)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_K=39.0,2=7,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=6,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{\text{hhkimloại}}=7,8+5,6+6,6=20\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_K=\dfrac{7,8}{20}=39\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-39\%-28\%=33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
\(n_{O\left(\text{trong oxit}\right)}=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Fe\left(\text{trong oxit}\right)}=\dfrac{5,8-0,1.16}{56}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow x:y=n_{Fe}:n_O=0,075:0,1=3:4\)
CTHH của oxit sắt Fe3O4
Sửa đề thành 2,24 l khí C nhé :)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Al là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=0,135\\56b+27b=4,14\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,045\\b=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,045\cdot56=2,52\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=1,62\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,52}{4,14}\cdot100\%\approx60,87\%\\\%m_{Al}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,045mol\\n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,06mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,0225mol\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,03mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,0225\cdot160=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,03\cdot102=3,06\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{chấtrắn}=3,06+3,6=6,66\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ a,\%_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{9,7}.100\%=67,01\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-67,01\%=32,99\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{50}.100\%=14,6\%\\ c,PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\to ZnSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5(l)\)