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a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a---------------------------------------->0,5a
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
b------------------------------------------------>0,5b
=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)
a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
x 1/2 x ( mol )
\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)
y 1/2 y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,8 < 0,2 ( mol )
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\)
a) Gọi số mol CH3COOH, C2H5OH là a, b (mol)
=> 60a + 46b = 25,8 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + H2
a------------------------->0,5a
2Na + 2C2H5OH --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
b--------------------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{25,8}.100\%=46,51\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,3.46}{25,8}.100\%=53,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{13,2}{88}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
0,15<---------------------------------0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100\%=75\%\)
n C2H5OH =a (mol) ; n CH3COOH = b(mol)
=> 46a + 60b = 27,2(1)
$2C_2H_5ONa + 2Na \to 2C_2H_5ONa + H_2$
$2CH_3COOH + 2Na \to 2CH_3COONa + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
n H2 = 0,5a + 0,5b = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3
Suy ra:
m C2H5OH = 0,2.46 = 9,2(gam)
m CH3COOH = 0,3.60 = 18(gam)
1,
- Xét phần 2:
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{4,4}{88}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH \(\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}}\) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
LTL: 0,5a < 0,5b (do a < b) => C2H5OH dư
Theo pthh: \(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Mà H = 50%
=> \(n_{CH_3COOH\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{50\%}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét phần 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
0,1--------------------------------------------->0,05
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
0,4<----------------------------------------0,2
=> Trong X có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{23,4}{18}=1,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
CH3COOH + 2O2 --to--> 2CO2 + 2H2O
a------------------------------------------>2a
C2H5OH + 3O2 --to--> 2CO2 + 3H2O
b-------------------------------------->3b
=> Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}60a+46b=25,8\\2a+3b=1,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
PTHH: \(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,2 < 0,3 => Rượu dư
Theo pthh: \(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{14,08}{88}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,16}{0,2}.100\%=80\%\)
- Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow46a+60b=33,2\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
2 2 1 (mol)
a a a/2 (mol)
\(2CH_3COOH+2Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)
2 2 1 (mol)
b b b/2 (mol)
Từ hai PTHH trên ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}=n_{H_2}=0,3\Rightarrow a+b=0,6\left(2\right)\)
(1), (2) ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=33,2\\a+b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải ra ta được: \(a=0,2\left(mol\right);b=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
b) \(m_{C_2H_5OH}=n.M=0,2\times46=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CH_3COOH}=n.M=0,4\times60=24\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{C_2H_5ONa}=n.M=0,2\times68=13,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CH_3COONa}=n.M=0,4\times82=32,8\left(g\right)\)
+PTHH:
C2H5OH + Na => C2H5ONa + 1/2 H2
CH3COOH + Na => CH3COONa + 1/2 H2
nH2 = V/22.4 = 1.68/22.4 = 0.075 (mol)
Gọi x (mol) và y (mol) lần lượt là số mol của C2H5OH và CH3COOH
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=7.6\\\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{2}y=0.075\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải phương trình ta được: x = 0.1, y = 0.05
mC2H5OH = n.M = 0.1 x 46 = 4.6 (g)
mCH3COOH = n.M = 0.05 x 60 = 3 (g)
===> %mC2H5OH = 60.53 (%)
===> %mCH3COOH = 39.47 (%)
+PTHH:
C2H5OH + CH3COOH \(\Leftrightarrow\) (H2SO4đ,to) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Ta có: nC2H5OH = 0.1 (mol)
nCH3COOH = 0.05 (mol)
Lập tỉ số: 0.1/1 > 0.05/1 => CH3COOH hết, C2H5OH dư
===> nCH3COOC2H5 = 0.05 (mol)
mCH3COOC2H5 = n.M = 0.05 x 82 = 4.1 (g)
H = 3 x 100/4.1 = 73.17 (g)