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a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
nMgO=0,15(mol); nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
PTHH: MgO + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2O
0,15________0,15__________0,15(mol)
Ta có: 0,15/1 < 0,4/1
=> H2SO4 dư, MgO hết, tính theo nMgO
-> nH2SO4(dư)=0,4-0,15=0,25(mol) => mH2SO4(dư)=24,5(g)
nMgSO4=nMg=0,15(mol) => mMgSO4=120.0,15=18(g)
mddsau=6+200=206(g)
=>C%ddH2SO4(dư)=(24,5/206).100=11,893%
C%ddMgSO4=(18/206).100=8,738%
PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgSO_4}=0,25\cdot120=30\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=205,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{30}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,6\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{14,7}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx7,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{3,65.200}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,2 0,05
b) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\)
⇒ CuO phản ứng hết , HCl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuCl2}=0,05.135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(0,05.2\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=4+200=204\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{6,75.100}{204}=3,31\)0/0
\(C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{204}=1,8\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(a,PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{15,9}{106}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{200}\cdot100\%=5,475\%\\ c,n_{CO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2\left(đkc\right)}=0,15\cdot24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\\ d,m_{CO_2}=0,15\cdot44=6,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{H_2O}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CT_{NaCl}}=0,3\cdot58,5=17,55\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,15\cdot18=2,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{dd_{NaCl}}=15,9+200-2,7-6,6=206,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{17,55}{206,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,49\%\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2a______3a__________a_______3a (mol)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b_______b________b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 6 :
a) Pt : \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
a 2a 0,2
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O|\)
1 3 1 3
b 3b 0,1
b) Gọi a là số mol của MgO
b là số mol của Al2O3
\(m_{MgO}+m_{Al2O3}=18,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{MgO}.M_{MgO}+n_{Al2O3}.M_{Al2O3}=18,2g\)
⇒ 40a + 102b = 18,2g
Ta có : \(m_{ct}=\dfrac{19,6.250}{100}=49\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ 1a + 3b = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
40a + 102b = 18,2g
1a + 3b = 0,5
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2O3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Có : \(n_{MgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al2O3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=18,2+250=268,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{24.100}{268,2}=8,95\)0/0
\(C_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{34,2.100}{268,2}=12,75\)0/0
e) \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O|\)
2 1 1 2
1 0,5
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.2}{1}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=1.40=40\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddnaOH}=\dfrac{40.100}{12}=333,33\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{333,33}{1,1}=303,2\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{19,6.200}{100}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,2 0,4 0,1 0,3
b) Lap ti so so sanh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\)
⇒ Al phan ung het , H2SO4 du
⇒ Tinh toan dua vao so mol cua Al
\(n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(du\right)}=0,4-\left(\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(du\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{Al2\left(So4\right)3}=\dfrac{34,2.100}{204,8}=16,7\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(du\right)}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{204,8}=4,78\)0/0
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