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Ta có: \(x^2+y^2-z^2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2-2xy\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)-2xy\)
\(=-2xy\)
Ta có: \(x^2+z^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+z\right)^2-y^2-2xz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+z-y\right)-2xz\)
\(=-2xz\)
Ta có: \(y^2+z^2-x^2\)
\(=\left(y+z\right)^2-x^2-2yz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(y+z-x\right)-2yz\)
\(=-2yz\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{xy}{x^2+y^2-z^2}+\dfrac{xz}{x^2+z^2-y^2}+\dfrac{yz}{y^2+z^2-x^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{xy}{-2xy}+\dfrac{xz}{-2xz}+\dfrac{yz}{-2yz}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{-2}+\dfrac{1}{-2}+\dfrac{1}{-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)
\(x+y+z=3\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=9\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\left(\text{vì:}x^2+y^2+z^2=9\right)\)
\(xy+yz+zx=0\Rightarrow xy=-yz-zx;yz=-xy-xz;xz=-xy-yz\)
\(P=\frac{-x\left(y+z\right)}{x^2}+\frac{-y\left(z+x\right)}{y^2}+\frac{-z\left(x+y\right)}{z}-4=\frac{y+z}{-x}+\frac{z+y}{-y}+\frac{x+y}{-z}-4\)
\(P=\frac{3}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{3}{z}-1=\frac{3yz+3xz+3xy}{xyz}-1=0-1=-1\)
\(x^2+y^2-z^2=x^2+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)=x^2-x\left(y-z\right)=x\left(x-y+z\right)=x\left(-y-y\right)=-2xy\)
Tương tự \(x^2+z^2-y^2=-2xz;y^2+z^2-x^2=-2yz\)
Cộng VTV:
\(\Leftrightarrow\text{Biểu thức }=\dfrac{xy}{-2xy}+\dfrac{xz}{-2xz}+\dfrac{yz}{-2yz}=-\dfrac{1}{8}\)