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Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+2b^2}=a-\dfrac{2ab^2}{a^2+2b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=a-\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+b\right)=a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+2b\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+2c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(b+2c\right);\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+2a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(c+2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+2b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+2c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+2a^2}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+2b+b+2c+c+2a\right)=a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(3a+3b+3c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{abc}=1\)Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(sigma\frac{a}{1+b-a}=sigma\frac{a^2}{a+ab-a^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{1-a^2}=1+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\le1+\frac{a^2}{2bc}\)
Tương tự cộng lại quy đồng ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Hay 1 cách khác :AM-GM
\(\dfrac{b}{a^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{a^4}}=\dfrac{4}{a}\)
Tương tự là ta có ngay đpcm
Một cách đơn giản nhất tương đương ( hay còn gọi là SOS)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{b+c-2a}{a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{b-a}{a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{a^2}\right)\ge0\)
Nhóm lại: \(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{a-b}{b^2}+\dfrac{b-a}{a^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a-b\right)^2.\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a^2b^2}\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh.
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(\dfrac{a}{a+2\sqrt{\left(a+bc\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{a+2\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{a+2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{a+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a}{5^2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{8}{25}.\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{b+2\sqrt{b+ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+2\sqrt{c+ab}}\le\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{3}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{15}{25}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{3^2}{3}=3\)
Theo BĐT Bunhiacốpxki ta có:
\(1.\sqrt{a^2+3}+1.\sqrt{b^2+3}+1.\sqrt{c^2+3}\ge\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+9\right)}\ge\sqrt{3.\left(3+9\right)}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a^3+b^2+c)(\frac{1}{a}+1+c)\geq (a+b+c)^2=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^3+b^2+c}{a}(1+a+ac)\geq 9\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a^3+b^2+c}\leq \frac{1+a+ac}{9}\)
Hoàn toàn TT với các phân thức còn lại, suy ra:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a^3+b^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^3+c^2+a}+\frac{c}{c^3+a^2+b}\leq \frac{1+a+ac+1+b+ba+1+c+cb}{9}=\frac{6+ab+bc+ac}{9}\)
Mà theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM:
\(ab+bc+ac\leq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=3\Rightarrow \frac{6+ab+bc+ac}{9}\leq \frac{6+3}{9}=1\)
Do đó: \(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a^3+b^2+1}+\frac{b}{b^3+c^2+a}+\frac{c}{c^3+a^2+b}\leq 1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\sum\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\sum\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\) (1)
Mà \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge ac+b^2\)
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+bc\) ; \(\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge ab+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) đúng nên ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)