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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
a 2 + b 2 ≥ 2 a b , b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 b c , c 2 + a 2 ≥ 2 c a
Do đó: 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 2.9 = 18 ⇒ 2 P ≥ 18 ⇒ P ≥ 9
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a = b = c = 3 . Vậy MinP= 9 khi a = b = c = 3
Vì a , b , c ≥ 1 , nên ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ≥ 0 ⇔ a b − a − b + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ a b + 1 ≥ a + b
Tương tự ta có b c + 1 ≥ b + c , c a + 1 ≥ c + a
Do đó a b + b c + c a + 3 ≥ 2 ( a + b + c ) ⇔ a + b + c ≤ 9 + 3 2 = 6
Mà P = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = a + b + c 2 − 2 a b + b c + c a = a + b + c 2 – 18
⇒ P ≤ 36 − 18 = 18 . Dấu bằng xảy ra khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
Vậy maxP= 18 khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
Ta có: 2P=(a2+b2) + (b2+c2) + (c2+a2)
Theo Cauchy có:
\(2P\ge2ab+2bc+2ca=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2.9\)
=> \(P\ge9\)=> Pmin = 9 đạt được khi x=y=\(\sqrt{3}\)
Hoặc:
P2= (a2+b2+c2)(b2+c2+a2)
Theo Bunhiacopxki có:
P2= (a2+b2+c2)(b2+c2+a2) \(\ge\)(ab+bc+ca)2=92
=> P\(\ge\)9 => Pmin=9
Vì \(a\ge1,b\ge1,c\ge1\)(gt) => \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\)<=> ab -a -b + 1 \(\ge0\)(1)
\(\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\)<=> bc - b - c + 1 \(\ge0\)(2)
\(\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\)<=> ca -c - a + 1 \(\ge0\)(3)
Cộng từng vế của (1), (2) và (3) ta được:
ab + bc + ca -2(a +b +c) + 3 \(\ge0\)
=> \(a+b+c\le\frac{ab+bc+ca+3}{2}=\frac{9+3}{2}=6\)
Mà \(a\ge1,b\ge1,c\ge1\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)=> \(3\le a+b+c\le6\)=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le36\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le36\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le36-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=36-2\times9=18\)=> P \(\le18\)
Vậy GTLN của P là 18
Dâu "=" xảy ra khivà chỉ khi:
a =b=1, c=4
hoặc: b=c=1, a=4
hoặc: c=a=1, b=4
Lời giải:
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của bđt AM-GM:
$(a+b+c)^2\leq 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq 9$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq 3$ (đpcm)
Từ đây ta có:
\(E\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt[3]{(a+b+c)a+bc}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{(a+b+c)b+ac}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt[3]{c(a+b+c)+ab}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt[3]{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{(b+c)(b+a)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt[3]{(c+a)(c+b)}}\)
\(\leq \frac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c})+\frac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}(\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{b}{b+c})+\frac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}(\frac{c}{2}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b})\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{2}(a+b+c)}{6}+\frac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a})\leq \frac{3\sqrt[3]{2}}{2}\)
Vậy.................
\(3\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt[3]{3a+bc}}\le\dfrac{a}{\sqrt[3]{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}=\sqrt[3]{2}.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{a+b}.\dfrac{a}{a+c}.\dfrac{a}{2}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)
Cộng vế và rút gọn:
\(E\le\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(E\le\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2}}{3}\left(3+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{2}}{2}\)
\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)
\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)
\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+cb+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng tức cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
cộng vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot3=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3
Có a+b+c=1 => c=(a+b+c).c=ac+bc+c2
\(\Rightarrow c+ab=ac+bc+c^2+ab=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+b}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}=\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{c+b}{c+b}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Do \(a\ge1;b\ge1;c\ge1\left(nên\right)\)
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le5\)
khi đó \(P=3a+2b+c-1=3\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(b+2c\right)-1\le15-3-1=11\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=3 , b=c=1
=> GTLN(P)=11
Mặt khác \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=ab+bc+ca+a^2\ge8\)
nên ta có \(P=2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)-1\ge2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge2\sqrt{16}-1=7\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=1, c=3
zậy ..
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