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a.b.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Xét: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) < \(\dfrac{0,4}{3}\) ( mol )
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3 ( mol )
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,3\right).98=9,8g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\)
c.\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\)
0,3 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{kk}=V_{O_2}.5=\left(0,15.22,4\right).5=16,8l\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 > 0,2 ( mol )
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,2-0,15\right).98=4,9g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,05.342=17,1g\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0 0
0,1 0,15 0,1 0,15
0 0,05 0,1 0,15
Chất dư sau phản ứng là \(H_2SO_4\) và dư 0,05mol.
\(m_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,05\cdot98=4,9g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2g\)
a.b.c.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,1 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35g\)
d.\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,15 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)
1.
a, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,3 0,15 0,45
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
c, Al2(SO4)3 : nhôm sunfat
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,15.342=51,3\left(g\right)\)
3.
a, \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{38,4}{64}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 ---to→ 2CuO
Mol: 0,6 0,3
CuO: đồng(ll) oxit
b, \(V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c,
PTHH: 2KMnO4 ---to→ K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Mol: 0,6 0,3
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,6.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2........0.3.................................0.3\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.5-0.3\right)\cdot98=19.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow2Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,025=8,55\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075.98=7,35\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,05 0,075 0,025 0,075
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,025\cdot342=8,55g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,075\cdot22,4=1,68l\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075\cdot98=7,35g\)
nAl = 2.7/27 = 0.1 (mol)
nH2SO4 = 9.8/98 = 0.1 (mol)
2Al + 3H2SO4 => Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
1/15........0.1.............1/30.............0.1
mAl dư = ( 0.1 - 1/15) * 27 = 0.9 (g)
mAl2(SO4)3 = 1/30 * 342 = 11.4 (g)
VH2 = 0.1*22.4 = 2.24 (l)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Nhôm còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot342=11,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=27\cdot\dfrac{1}{30}=0,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)