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Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0.2-→0.4------→0.2--→0.2 (mol)
nZn = 11,2\56 = 0.2(mol)
mZnCl2 = n*M = 0.2*127 = 25.4(g)
VH2(đktc) = n*22.4 = 0.2*22.4 = 4.48(l)
mHCl = n*M = 0.4*36.5 = 14.6(g)
C% =14,6\146*100% = 10(%)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Zn}=\dfrac{11,2}{65}=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ TheoPT:n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ZnCl_2}=0,17.136=23,12\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,17.22,4=3,808\left(l\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,34\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,34.36,5}{146}.100=8,5\%\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=0,01\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05}=0,4\left(M\right)\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01\cdot136=1,36\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,01\cdot22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)0/0
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 1 0,2
Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
⇒ Zn phản ứng hết , Hcl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Zn
\(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1-\left(0,2.2\right)=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a, Ta có: nZn=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2 mol
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Ta có: nZn=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nHCl => nHCl=0,1 mol
=> mHCl=0,1.36,5=3,65 g
=> a%=\(\dfrac{3,65.100}{100}\)=3,65%
b, Ta có: nZn=nZnCl2 = nH2= 0,2 mol
=> VH2=0,2.22,4=4,48 l
=> mZnCl2=0,2.136=27,2 g
c, Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Ta có: nHCl=\(\dfrac{36.5}{36.5}\)=1 mol
Ta có: \(\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{1}{0,2}\) => HCl dư tính theo Zn
Ta có: nZn=nZnCl2 = nH2= 0,2 mol
=> VH2=0,2.22,4=4,48 l
=> mZnCl2=0,2.136=27,2 g
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
\(a,V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
\(c,Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{0,1}{1}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)
nên không chất nào dư
Câu `3:`
`n_[Mg]=[2,4]/24=0,1(mol)`
`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,2` `0,1` `0,1` `(mol)`
`a)C%_[HCl]=[0,2.36,5]/200 . 100=3,65%`
`b)m_[MgCl_2]=0,1.95=9,5(g)`
`c)V_[H_2]=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Câu `4:`
`n_[Zn]=[3,25]/65=0,05(mol)`
`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,05` `0,1` `0,05` `0,05` `(mol)`
`a)C%_[HCl]=[0,1.36,5]/200 .100=1,825%`
`b)m_[ZnCl_2]=0,05.136=6,8(g)`
`c)V_[H_2]=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)`
- pt: Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 +H2
- nHCl = ( 3,25 : 65 ) x 2 = 0,1 (mol)
V = 0,1 : 0,5 = 0,2 (l)
- gọi a là số mol cần tìm
- pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a -> 3/2a
Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
a -> a
- ta có : a + 3/2a = 0,05 => a = 0,02 (mol)
- C%Fe = ( 0,02 x 56)x100 / (0,02x56 + 0,02x 27) = 67,47%
- C% Al = 100 -67,47= 32,53%
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,5 1 0,5 0,5
\(V_{H_2}=0,5\cdot22,4=11,2l\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,5\cdot136=68g\)
a.b.c.\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=n.M=0,2.136=27,2g\)
\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
d.\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4mol\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,4 > 0,2 ( mol )
0,2 0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{chất.rắn}=m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}+m_{Cu}=0,2.80+0,2.64=16+12,8=28,8g\)
\(\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{28,8}.100=55,55\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-55,55\%=44,45\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6(g)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)\)
b) mHCl = 14,6 (g)
V H2 = 4,48 (l)
Giải thích các bước:
a) PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2↑
b) nZn = 13 : 65 = 0,2 mol
Theo PTHH: nHCl = 2.nZn = 0,4 mol
mHCl = 0,4 . 36,5 = 14,6(g)
c) nH2 = nZn = 0,2 mol
VH2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (l)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,4-->0,8----->0,4--->0,4
=> VH2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)
b) mZnCl2 = 0,4.136 = 54,4 (g)
c) \(C\%=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{200}.100\%=14,6\%\)