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\(nCuO=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
=> CuO pứ đủ , H2SO4 dư
CuO+H2SO4 -> CuSO4+H2O
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(nH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
c1:
\(m\left(muối\right)=mCuSO_4=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
c2:
\(mH_2O=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
BTKL:
mCuO+mH2SO4 = m CuSO4+ mH2O
8 + (19,6-9,8) = m CuSO4 + 1, 8
=> mCuSO4 = 8 + ( 19,6 - 9,8 ) - 1,8 = 16 (g)
n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)
n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
bđ 0,1............0,5
pư 0,1............0,3..................0,1
spu 0 ................0,2................0,1
=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O
m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)
m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)
m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)
% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)
% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20.4}{102}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17.64}{98}=0.18\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(1.............3\)
\(0.2...........0.18\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{1}>\dfrac{0.18}{3}\Rightarrow Al_2O_3dư\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)}_{_3}=0.06\cdot342=20.52\left(g\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Al2O3, Fe2O3 là 2a, 3a (mol)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
2a---->6a
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
3a----->9a
=> 6a + 9a = 0,3
=> a = 0,02
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,04.102}{0,04.102+0,06.160}.100\%=29,825\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,06.160}{0,04.102+0,06.160}.100\%=70,175\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O|\)
1 3 1 3
0,2 0,6 0,2
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{1}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,6.1}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Al_2O_3\\ Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ a,n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,3=0,225\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(\text{đ}ktc\right)}=0,225.22,4=5,04\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{4}.0,3=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=3.0,075=0,225\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=m=0,225.98=22,05\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15mol\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\cdot342=17,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{78,84}{98}=0,8mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,2 < 0,8 ( mol )
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,6 ( mol )
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).98=19,6g\)
Cách 1:\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4g\)
Cách 2:
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8g\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8g\)
Áp dụng ĐL BTKL, ta có:
\(m_{Al_2O_3}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{H_2O}\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=20,4+58,8-10,8=68,4g\)
nAl2O3=20,4102=0,2molnAl2O3=20,4102=0,2mol
nH2SO4=78,8498=0,8molnH2SO4=78,8498=0,8mol
Al2O3+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2O
0,2 < 0,8 ( mol )
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,6 ( mol )
mH2SO4(dư)=(0,8−0,6).98=19,6