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a) PTHH: NaOH + Al + H2O -> NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2
b) nH2= 0,6(mol)
-> nAl=0,4(mol) => mAl=0,4.27=10,8(g)
c) nAl=0,18((mol); nNaOH=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 0,18/1 < 0,2/1
=> Al hết, NaOH dư, tính theo nAl.
-> nH2= 3/2. 0,18=0,27(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,27.22,4= 6,048(l)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+2Al+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
\(...........0.4.........................0.6\)
\(m_{Al}=0.4\cdot27=10.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4.86}{27}=0.18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+2Al+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
\(2.................2\)
\(0.2...............0.18\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{2}>\dfrac{0.18}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow NaOHdư\)
\(n_{H_2}=0.18\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=0.27\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.27\cdot22.4=6.048\left(l\right)\)
a)
\(Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = \dfrac{3,6}{24} = 0,15(mol)\\ b)\\ CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ n_{Cu} = n_{H_2} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu} = 0,15.64 = 9,6(gam)\)
a) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{11,76}{98}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2A + 3H2SO4 --> A2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,08<--0,12------->0,04------>0,12
=> VH2(sinh ra) = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688 (l)
\(V_{H_2\left(thu.được\right)}=\dfrac{2,688.70}{100}=1,8816\left(l\right)\)
=> Số bình = \(\dfrac{1,8816.10^3}{50}\approx38\left(bình\right)\)
b) \(M_A=\dfrac{2,16}{0,08}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> A là Al
c) dd sau pư chứa Al2(SO4)3
mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,04.342= 13,68 (g)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{3}{14}\)---------------------->\(\dfrac{3}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{14}.22,4=4,8\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(ZnO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Zn+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(0,1< \dfrac{3}{14}\Rightarrow H_2\) dư
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(\dfrac{3}{14}mol\) \(\dfrac{3}{14}mol\)
\(a)n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12}{56}\approx0,21=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=\dfrac{3}{14}.22,4=4,8\left(l\right)\)
\(b)n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(ZnO+H_2\rightarrow Zn+H_2O\)
\(1mol\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(0,1mol\) \(0,1mol\) \(0,1mol\)
\(\text{Ta thấy }H_2\text{ dư,ZnO phản ứng hết.Bài toán tính theo ZnO}\)
\(m_{Zn}=n.M=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
nZn = 19,5/65 = 0,3 (mol)
nH2SO4 = 49/98 = 0,5 (mol)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
LTL: 0,3 < 0,5 => H2SO4 dư
nH2SO4 (phản ứng) = mZnSO4 = 0,3 (mol)
mH2SO4 (dư) = (0,5 - 0,3) . 98 = 19,6 (g)
mZnSO4 = 0,3 . 161 = 48,3 (g)
PTHH: CuO + H2 -> (t°) Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,3 <--- 0,3 ---> 0,3
mCu = 0,3 . 64 = 19,2 (g)