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\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10\%}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{150.8\%}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) => CuSO4 hết, NaOH dư
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
0,1------>0,2------->0,1------->0,1
=> m = 0,1.98 = 9,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH_{dư}}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 160 + 150 - 9,8 = 300,2 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH_{dư}}=\dfrac{4}{300,2}.100\%=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,2}{300,2}.100\%=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10}{100}=16\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8.150}{100}=12\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
LTL: \(0,1< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\rightarrow\) NaOH dư
Theo pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=160+150-9,8=300,2\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,2\right).40}{300,2}=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.142}{300,2}=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Gọi \(m_{NaCl\left(thêm\right)}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl\left(bđ\right)}=5\%.100=5\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5+a}{100+a}.100\%=5,5\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,53\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{NaCl}=58,5.5,5\%=3,2175\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{3,2175}{58,5}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaCl + AgNO3 ---> AgCl↓ + NaNO3
0,055-->0,055------>0,055---->0,055
\(m_{AgCl}=0,055.143,5=7,8925\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddY}=58,5+200-7,8925=250,6075\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaNO_3}=\dfrac{0,055.85}{250,6075}.100\%=1,87\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{14,3}{286}.106+250.5,3\%=18,55\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddNa_2CO_3}=\dfrac{18,55}{14,3+250}.100\approx7,019\%\)
Dung dịch A chứa CO32- (x mol) và HCO3- (y mol)
CO32- + H+ —> HCO3-
x…………x………….x
HCO3- + H+ —> CO2 + H2O
x+y…….0,15-x
Dung dịch B tạo kết tủa với Ba(OH)2 nên HCO3- dư, vậy nCO2 = 0,15 – x = 0,045 —> x = 0,105
HCO3- + OH- + Ba2+ —> BaCO3 + H2O
—> nBaCO3 = (x + y) – (0,15 – x) = 0,15 —> y = 0,09
—> a = 20,13 gam
nNa = 6.9 : 23 = 0.3 mol
4Na + O2 ->2 Na2O
mol : 0.3 -> 0.15
Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH
mol : 0.15 -> 0.3
mdd = 0.15 x 62 + 140.7 = 150g
C% NaOH = 0.3x40: 150 x 100% = 8%
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+BaCO_3\downarrow\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{200\cdot5,3\%}{106}=0,103\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{300\cdot10,4\%}{208}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,103}{1}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) BaCl2 còn dư, Na2CO3 p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaCO_3}=0,103\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{BaCO_3}=0,103\cdot197=20,291\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,206\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=0,047\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,206\cdot58,5=12,051\left(g\right)\\m_{BaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=0,047\cdot208=9,776\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddBaCl_2}-m_{BaCO_3}=479,709\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{12,051}{479,709}\cdot100\%\approx2,51\%\\C\%_{BaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,776}{479,709}\cdot100\%\approx2,04\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+27b=9,38\) (*)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,944}{22,4}=0,31\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=0,31\) (**)
Từ (*) và (**) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{Al}=0,14\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=3,78\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=3n_{Al}=0,42\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,62\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,62\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=11,315\%\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,14\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,14\cdot133,5=18,69\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,31\cdot2=0,62\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=208,76\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{208,76}\cdot100\%\approx6,08\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{18,69}{208,76}\cdot100\%\approx8,95\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
mCuSO4= 12,8(g) ->nCuSO4=0,2(mol)
nNa=0,04(mol)
pthh: Na + H2O -> NaOH + 1/2 H2
-> nNaOH= 0,04(mol); nH2=0,02(mol)
=> V(A,đktc)=V(H2,đktc)=0,02.22,4=0,448(l)
2 NaOH + CuSO4 -> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Ta có: 0,04/2 < 0,2/1
=> CuSO4 dư, NaOH hết, tính theo nNaOH
=> nCu(OH)2=nCuSO4(p.ứ)=nNa2SO4=nNaOH/2=0,02(mol)
=> m(B)=mCu(OH)2=0,02.98=1,96(g)
b) mddC=mddCuSO4 + mNaOH - mCu(OH)2= 400+ 0,04.40- 1,96= 399,64(g)
mCuSO4(dư)= 0,18 x 160=28,8(g)
mNa2SO4=0,02.142= 2,84(g)
=> C%ddCuSO4(dư)= (28,8/399,64).100=7,206%
C%ddNa2SO4=(2,84/399,64).100=0,711%
a/
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9,3}{62}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,15 0,3 (mol)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_A=90,7+9,3=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
b/
m\(_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{16.200}{100}=32\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{152}=\dfrac{4}{19}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+FeSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
bđ: 0,3 \(\dfrac{4}{19}\) 0 0 (mol)
pư: 0,3 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
dư: 0 \(\dfrac{23}{380}\) (mol)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.90=13,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_C=100+200-13,5=286,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,15.142=21,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,3}{286,5}.100\%\approx7,4\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{380}.152=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,2}{286,5}.100\%\approx3,2\%\)
áp dụng côn thức tính c% => mct Ba(OH)2 = 17,1/100*150=25.65(g)
=>n Ba(OH)2 = 25.65 /171 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mct Na2CO3 = 4.24/100*250 = 10.6(g)
=> n Na2CO3= 10.6/106= 0,1 (mol)
=> n Ba(OH)2 dư : 0,15 - 0,1 = 0,05 (mol)
PTPƯ:
Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 -> NaOH + BaCO3
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 (mol )
Vậy kết tủa A là BaCO3 , Na2CO3
dd X là Ba(OH)2 dư
b, m dd sau phản ứng = 150+250- 0.1*197= 380.3 (g)
m ct Ba(OH)2 = 0.05*171 = 8.55 (g)
c% = 8.55/380.3*100 = 2.248 %