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a)
2C2H5OH + 2Na --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
2C6H5OH + 2Na --> 2C6H5ONa + H2
b)
Gọi số mol C2H5OH, C6H5OH là a, b (mol)
=> 46a + 94b = 14 (1)
PTHH: 2C2H5OH + 2Na --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a---------------------------->0,5a
2C6H5OH + 2Na --> 2C6H5ONa + H2
b---------------------------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,5b = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\) (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,1.46}{14}.100\%=32,857\%\\\%m_{C_6H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,1.94}{14}.100\%=67,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)
PTHH: C6H5OH + 3HNO3(đ) --H2SO4(đ)--> C6H2(NO2)3OH + 3H2O
0,1---------------------------------->0,1
=> \(m_{C_6H_2\left(NO_2\right)_3OH}=0,1.229=22,9\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_6H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3OH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(C_6H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_6H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
a-------------------------------------->0,5a
\(CH_3OH+Na\rightarrow CH_3ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
b-------------------------------------->0,5b
Theo bài ra, ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}94a+32b=22\\0,5a+0,5b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\) hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_6H_5OH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3OH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_6H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,2.94}{22}.100\%=85,45\%\\\%m_{CH_3OH}=100\%-85,45\%=14,55\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Trong 11 gam hỗn hợp có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_6H_5OH}=\dfrac{11}{22}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3OH}=\dfrac{11}{22}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(C_6H_5OH+3HNO_3\xrightarrow[H_2SO_4\left(đặc\right)]{}3H_2O+C_6H_2OH\left(NO_2\right)_3\)
0,1--------------------------------------------->0,1
\(\rightarrow m_{C_6H_2OH\left(NO_2\right)_3}=0,1.229=22,9\left(g\right)\)
Vậy ta sẽ thu được 22,9 g axit picric.