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mCu = 2 (g)
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 10,3 - 2 = 8,3 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a--------------------->1,5a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b---------------------->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,1.27}{10,3}.100\%=26,21\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10,3}.100\%=54,37\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{2}{10,3}.100\%=19,42\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{không.tan}=m_{Cu}=2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al,Fe}=10,3-2=8,3\left(g\right)\\ Đặt:a=n_{Al}\left(mol\right);b=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=8,3\\1,5.22,4a+22,4b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{2}{10,3}.100\approx19,417\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{10,3}.100\approx54,369\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx26,214\%\)
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b
\(m_{Cu}=m_B=6,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=17,4-6,4=11\left(g\right)\)
=> 27a + 56b = 11
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------------------>1,5a
=> 1,5a + b = 0,4
=> a = 0,2; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
Bài 6 : Chất rắn không tan là Cu
$m_{Cu} = 6,4(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 24b + 6,4 = 14,2(1)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{14,2}.100\% = 38,03\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{14,2}.100\% =16,9\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -38,03\% - 16,9\% = 45,07\%$
Bài 7 :
Gọi $n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{ZnO} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 80a + 81b = 12,1(1)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,1.3 = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a= 0,05 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{CuO} = \dfrac{0,05.80}{12,1}.100\% = 33,06\%$
$\%m_{ZnO} = 100\% - 33,06\% = 66,94\%$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=27,8\\1,5a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%=19,424\%\\\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=80,576\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=3a+2b=1,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,4.36,5.100}{20}=255,5\left(g\right) \Rightarrow4\approx\approx\approx\Rightarrow FeHCm=\)
Đáp án D
Chất rắn Y là Cu không phản ứng
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a 1,5a (mol)
Fe + 2HCl→ FeCl2 + H2
b b (mol)
Ta có:
27a + 56b = 8,3
1,5a + b = 0,25
=> a = b = 0,1 (mol)