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\(etan\left(C_2H_6\right):\)không phản ứng với \(H_2,Br_2,AgNO_3\text{/}NH_3,HCl,H_2O\)
\(eten\left(C_2H_4\right):\)phản ứng với \(H_2,Br_2,HCl,H_2O\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2\xrightarrow[t^o]{Ni}C_2H_6\\ C_2H_4+Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_4Br_2\\ C_2H_4+HCl\rightarrow C_2H_5Cl\\ C_2H_4+H_2O\xrightarrow[H^+,\text{men rượu}]{t^o}C_2H_5OH\)
\(etin\left(C_2H_2\right):\)phản ứng với \(H_2,Br_2,AgNO_3\text{/}NH_3,HCl,H_2O\)
\(\left(1\right)C_2H_2+H_2\xrightarrow[t^o]{Pd\text{/}PdCO_3}C_2H_4\\ \left(2\right)C_2H_4+2H_2\xrightarrow[t^o]{Ni}C_2H_6\\ C_2H_2+2Br_2\rightarrow C_2H_2Br_4\\ C_2H_2+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow C_2Ag_2\downarrow+2NH_4NO_3\)
\(C_2H_2+HCl\xrightarrow[HgCl_2]{t^o}C_2H_3Cl\)
\(C_2H_2+H_2O\xrightarrow[Hg^{2+}\text{/}H_2SO_4]{t^o}CH_3CHO\)
1. \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_3+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{as}}CH_3-CHCl-CH_3+HCl\)
2. \(CH_3-CH=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_3-CHBr-CH_2Br\)
3.\(CH_3-CH=CH_2+HBr\rightarrow CH_3-CHBr-CH_3\)
4.\(nCH_2=CH_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o,xt,p}}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)
5.\(CH\equiv CH+H_2\xrightarrow[^{t^o}]{^{Pd/PbCO3}}CH_2=CH_2\)
\(C_6H_6+Br_2\rightarrow C_6H_5Br+HBr\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Ta có:
\(n_{C6H6}=\frac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HBr}=n_{C6H6}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt số mol NaOH ban đầu là 2V
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=2V-0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HBr\rightarrow NaBr+H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow2V-0,05=0,01\Rightarrow V=0,03\left(l\right)=30\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(CH\equiv CH+H_2\xrightarrow[PbCO_3]{Pd}CH_2=CH_2\)
b) \(CH\equiv CH+2H_2\xrightarrow[t^o]{Ni}CH_3-CH_3\)
c) \(CH\equiv CH+2Br_2\rightarrow CHBr_2-CHBr_2\)
d) \(CH\equiv CH+2HCl\xrightarrow[xt]{t^o}CHCl_2-CH_3\)
e)\(CH\equiv CH+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow AgC\equiv CAg+2NH_4NO_3\)