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Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.pthh:Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
Theo pt(1): \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=m_{Zn}=0,25.65=16,25\left(g\right)\\V=V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.pthh:R_2O_y+yH_2\overset{t^o}{--->}2R+yH_2O\left(2\right)\)
Theo pt(2): \(n_{R_2O_y}=\dfrac{1}{y}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{y}.0,25=\dfrac{0,25}{y}\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: \(n_{R_2O_y}=\dfrac{18}{2R+16y}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{18}{2R+16y}=\dfrac{0,25}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=28y\)
Biện luận:
| y | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| R | 28 | 56 | 84 |
| R = 28y | loại | t/m | loại |
Vậy R là kim loại sắt (Fe)
Vậy CTHH của oxit là: FeO
Gọi tên: Sắt (II) oxit
a.b.\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,25 0,5 0,25 ( mol )
\(m_{Zn}=n_{Zn}.M_{Zn}=0,25.65=16,25g\)
\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,25.22,4=5,6l\)
c.R hóa trị mấy nhỉ?
a) PTHH: \(FeO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe+H_2O\) (1)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeO}=\dfrac{7,2}{72}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{23,2-7,2}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,1+0,3\right)\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,25\cdot18=4,5\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{oxit}=m_{Fe}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=15,2\left(g\right)\)
a)
Kim loại màu đỏ không tan là Cu
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + CO --to--> Cu + CO2
0,05<-----------0,05-->0,05
=> mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{20}.100\%=20\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=100\%-20\%=80\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{20-4}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3CO --to--> 2Fe + 3CO2
0,1----------------------->0,3
=> \(n_{CO_2}=0,05+0,3=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
0,35---->0,35
=> \(m_{CaCO_3\left(lý.thuyết\right)}=0,35.100=35\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{35.80}{100}=28\left(g\right)\)
a)
Gọi số mol CuO, Fe2O3 là a, b (mol)
=> 80a + 160b = 40 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a--->a--------->a
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
b----->3b---------->2b
=> a + 3b = 0,6 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,3 (mol);b = 0,1 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,3.80}{40}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{40}.100\%=40\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nFe = 2b = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,2------------------->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
Theo đề gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=3x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=2x\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có: \(m_{hh}=m_{Fe_2O_3}+m_{CuO}=160.3x+80.2x=32\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0,05\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05.3=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=0,05.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,15 ---->0,45-->0,3
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
0,1 --->0,1-->0,1
a. \(m_{kim.loại}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,3.56+0,1.64=23,2\left(g\right)\)
b. \(V_{H_2}=\left(0,45+0,1\right).22,4=12,32\left(l\right)\)
a)
\(m_{CuO}=\dfrac{32.40}{100}=12,8\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12,8}{80}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32-12,8}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,16->0,16---->0,16
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,12-->0,36----->0,24
=> \(V_{H_2}=\left(0,16+0,36\right).22,4=11,648\left(l\right)\)
b)
mCu = 0,16.64 =10,24 (g)
mFe = 0,24.56 = 13,44 (g)
c)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,24}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => HCl dư, Fe hết
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,24------------------->0,24
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,24.22,4=5,376\left(l\right)\)