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từ giả thiết ta có
a+b+c=0
<=> a=-(b+c0
a2=b2 +c2 +2bc
tương tự b2=a2+c2+2ac
c2=a2+b2+2ab
thay vào Q ta đc
\(Q=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+c^2-b^2}\)
\(Q=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2-a^2-b^2-2ab}+\frac{1}{b^2+c^2-b^2-c^2-2bc}+\frac{1}{a^2+c^2-a^2-c^2-2ac}\)
\(Q=\frac{-1}{2ab}-\frac{1}{2bc}-\frac{1}{2ac}\)
\(Q=\frac{-b-a-c}{2abc}\)
\(Q=\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)}{2abc}\)
\(Q=0\)
Vậy với a,b,c khác 0, a+b+c=0 thì Q=0
18. Ta có : \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{1}{abz}+\frac{1}{xbc}+\frac{1}{acy}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abcxyz}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
19. Nhân cả hai vế của đẳng thức giả thiết với \(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)được
\(\left(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}\right)\left(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=0\)
Ta có ;
\(\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(=\frac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
a) Có:
\(a+b+c=0\\\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ca=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\dfrac{1}{4}-0=\dfrac{1}{4} \)
Ta có \(a+b+c=0\)
=> \(a=-b-c\)
=> \(a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\)
=> \(a^2-b^2-c^2=\left(b+c\right)^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=b^2+2bc+c^2-b^2-c^2\) \(=2bc\)
Tương tự : \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ac\)
\(c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)
Thay vào A, ta có:
\(A=\frac{a^2}{2ab}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2ab}\)
Ta chứng minh được \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-ab-bc\right)\)
mà \(a+b+c=0\) => \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\) => \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Lại thay vào A:
\(A=\frac{3abc}{2abc}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cách chứng minh \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-bc-ab\right)\)
Ta có \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
= \(\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-\left[3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
