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a: \(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}\)
=a+b+c
e: \(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-b^2a+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{a\left(b^2-c^2\right)-b\left(b^2-c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)+c\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac-bc+c^2\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a-c}{b+c}\)
a) \(\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-b^2a+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{ab^2-b^3-ac^2+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2b-b^2a\right)+\left(b^2c-a^2c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{b^2\left(a-b\right)-c^2\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+c\left(b^2-a^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b^2-c^2\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab-ac+c^2-bc}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a-b}{b+c}\)
AD phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử ở tử thức và mẫu thức của từng phân thức
* Đặt tên các biểu thức theo thứ tự là A,B,C,D,E.
Câu a)
Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)-abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)]+3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)^3-3(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\)
\(=(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(ab+bc+ac)]\)
\(=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)\) (*)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c\)
Câu b)
\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z\)
Sử dụng kết quả (*) của câu a. Với \(a=x, b=-y, c=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Mặt khác xét mẫu số:
\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(x-z)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+x^2-2xz+z^2\)
\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(B=\frac{(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)
Câu c) Sử dụng kết quả (*) của phần a:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Và mẫu số:
\((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(C=\frac{(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Câu d)
Xét tử số:
\(a^2(b-c)+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=a^2(b-c)-b^2[(b-c)+(a-b)]+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a^2-b^2)-(b^2-c^2)(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b)-(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)[a+b-(b+c)]=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\) (1)
Xét mẫu số:
\(a^4(b^2-c^2)+b^4(c^2-a^2)+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=a^4(b^2-c^2)-b^4[(b^2-c^2)+(a^2-b^2)]+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^4-b^4)(b^2-c^2)-(b^4-c^4)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(a^2+b^2)(b^2-c^2)-(b^2-c^2)(b^2+c^2)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)[a^2+b^2-(b^2+c^2)]\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)(a^2-c^2)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra \(D=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Câu e)
Theo phần d ta có:
\(TS=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\)
\(MS=ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)
\(=b^2(a-b)-c^2(a-b)=(a-b)(b^2-c^2)=(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)\)
Do đó: \(E=\frac{(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)
a) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{4}x-y\right)\left(x^2+4xy+16y^2\right)+4\left(4y^3-\frac{1}{16}x^3+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}\left(x-4y\right)\left(x^2+4xy+16y^2\right)+16y^3-\frac{1}{4}x^3+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}\left(x^3-64y^3\right)+16y^3-\frac{1}{4}x^3+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}x^3-16y^3+16y^3-\frac{1}{4}x^3+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=4\)
b) \(B=2x\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(x+5\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+2\left(x-5\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2x\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2-4\right)+2\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2x^3-16x^2+32x-x^3-5x^2+4x+20+2x^2-20x+50-x^2+2x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=x^3-20x^2+18x+69\)
c) \(C=\frac{80x^3-125x}{3\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(8-4x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\frac{5x\left(16x^2-25\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3-8+4x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\frac{5x\left(4x-5\right)\left(4x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(4x-5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\frac{5x\left(4x+5\right)}{x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\frac{20x^2+25x}{x-3}\)
d) \(D=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-d\right)}{\left(b^2-a^2\right)\left(d^2-c^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow D=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-d\right)}{\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(c^2-d^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow D=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-d\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(c-d\right)\left(c+d\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow D=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !
