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Ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}\right)}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}\)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{n}-1\left(dpcm\right)\)
\(A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+1}}}}}}}}}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+1}}}}}}}}\)
\(=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+1}}}}}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+1}}}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+1}}=1\)
Bài làm:
a) \(A=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\sqrt{48}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3+1}}\)
\(A=3+2\sqrt{3}+1+\sqrt{\frac{25.48}{16}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}\)
\(A=4+2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{25.3}-\frac{2}{2}\)
\(A=4+2\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{3}-1\)
\(A=3+7\sqrt{3}\)
b) \(\frac{4}{3-\sqrt{5}}-\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-1}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(3+\sqrt{5}\right)}{\left(3-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(3+\sqrt{5}\right)}-\frac{3\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{4\left(3+\sqrt{5}\right)}{9-5}-\frac{3\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{5-2}-\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{2-1}\)
\(A=3+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(A=2\)
Phần b mình viết nhầm tên thành A, bn sửa thành B nhé
c) \(C=\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{7+4\sqrt{3}}\)
\(C=\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}-\sqrt{4+4\sqrt{3}+3}\)
\(C=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(C=\sqrt{3}-1-2-\sqrt{3}\)
\(C=-3\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1}\right)}+.......+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+........+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{n-\left(n-1\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+...........+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{1}=\sqrt{n}-1\)
bài B tương tự
Dạng tổng quát : \(\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}>\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k+1}}=1\) với k = 1;2;3; ... ; n
\(\Rightarrow a=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}}+\sqrt[4]{\frac{4}{3}}+...+\sqrt[n+1]{\frac{n+1}{n}}>n\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM cho k+1 số dương ta có :
\(\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}=\sqrt[k+1]{1.1.1...1.\frac{k+1}{k}}< \frac{1+1+1...+1+\frac{k+1}{k}}{k+1}=\frac{1.k}{k+1}\) \(+\frac{k+1}{\frac{k}{k+1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}< \frac{k}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k}=1-\frac{1}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k}=1+\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\right)\)
\(< 1+\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng vào bài ta được :
\(a< \left(1+\frac{1}{1.2}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{2.3}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3.4}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(a< n+\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(a< n+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(a< n+\left(1-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)< n+1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra phần nguyên của a là n
\(\frac{8+2\sqrt{2}}{3-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2+3\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1-\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(2^2-2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}^2\right)}{3-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{1-\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(3-\sqrt{2}\right)}{3-\sqrt{2}}-3-\sqrt{2}\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{2}-3-\sqrt{2}-2-\sqrt{2}=-1\)
trên tử ta được là 2
dưới mẫu là 1
=> với n dấu căn A=2