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Bài 3:
a,Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\)
A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
2A = \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\)
2A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\right)\)
3A = \(1-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
=> 3A < 1
=> A < \(\frac{1}{3}\)(đpcm)
b, Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
3A = \(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
3A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
4A = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=> 4A < \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\) (1)
Đặt B = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
3B = \(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
3B + B = \(\left(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
4B = \(3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=> 4B < 3
=> B < \(\frac{3}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra 4A < B < \(\frac{3}{4}\)=> A < \(\frac{3}{16}\)(đpcm)
a )
Theo bài ra: (a - 4) chia hết cho 5 => (a - 4) + 20 chia hết cho 5 => a + 16 chia hết cho 5
(a - 5) chia hết cho 7 => (a - 5) + 21 chia hết cho 7 => a + 16 chia hết cho 7
(a - 6) chia hết cho 11 => (a - 6) + 22 chia hết cho 11 => a + 16 chia hết cho 11
=> a + 16 thuộc BC(5; 7; 11)
Mà BCNN(5; 7; 11) = 385
=> a + 16 thuộc B(385) = {0; 385; 770; ...}
=> a thuộc {-16; 369; 754;...}
Vì a là số tự nhiên nhỏ nhất
=> a = 369
b ) \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}.\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2.2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3.3}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
.....................
\(\frac{1}{2012^2}=\frac{1}{2012.2012}< \frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}.< \frac{2011}{2012}\)
Mà \(\frac{2011}{2012}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< 1\)
\(b)\)\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(< \)\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{2010.2011}+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(< \)\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(< \)\(1-\frac{1}{2012}\)\(=\frac{2011}{2012}< 1\)
Vậy Biểu thức \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)\(< 1\)
\(a)\frac{1}{3}+\frac{-2}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{-1}{5}\le x< \frac{-3}{4}+\frac{2}{7}+\frac{-1}{4}+\frac{3}{5}+\frac{5}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{-2}{5}+\frac{-1}{5}\le x< \frac{-3}{4}+\frac{-1}{4}+\frac{2}{7}+\frac{5}{7}+\frac{3}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{6}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{-3}{5}\le x< -1+1+\frac{3}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}+\frac{-3}{5}\le x< \frac{3}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{-1}{10}\le x< \frac{6}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x< 6\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2;3;4;5\right\}\)
Bài b tương tự
\(A=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+...+\frac{1}{200}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+...+\frac{1}{150}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{151}+\frac{1}{152}+...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)\(>\frac{1}{150}+\frac{1}{150}+...+\frac{1}{150}+\frac{1}{200}+\frac{1}{200}+...+\frac{1}{200}\)(50 số \(\frac{1}{150}và\frac{1}{200}\))
mà \(\frac{1}{150}+...+\frac{1}{150}+\frac{1}{200}+...+\frac{1}{200}=\frac{1}{150}.50+\frac{1}{200}.50=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)\(=\frac{7}{12}\)=> đpcm
còn 1 cái đề bài bn hỏi mk nữa:
\(A=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+...+\frac{1}{200}>\frac{5}{8}\)
ta có \(B=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+...+\frac{1}{150}>50.\left(\frac{1}{101}\right)\)>1/3
\(C=\frac{1}{151}+\frac{1}{152}+...+\frac{1}{200}>50.\left(\frac{1}{151}\right)=\frac{50}{151}\)>1/3
mà D+E>\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\)mà 2/3>5/8.
vậy....
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