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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)\left[\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{c(a+b+c)+ab}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a+b=0\\ b+c=0\\ c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Không mất tổng quát giả sử $a+b=0$
$\Rightarrow$
$\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{(-b)^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}$
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{(-b)^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\) (đpcm)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+c^2a+ca^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)c+ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> Hoặc a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0
=> Hoặc a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a
Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b
a) Ta có: vì a=-b thay vào ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
=> đpcm
b) Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=1\Rightarrow c=1\)
=> \(P=-\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{c^{2021}}=\frac{1}{1^{2021}}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)-\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+c^3=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^3+\dfrac{1}{c^3}-\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)-\dfrac{3}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{c}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đề bài thiếu, cần thêm dữ liệu "a;b;c phân biệt"
Khi đó \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{c+b}+1+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}-3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)-3\)
-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy Schwarz cho 3 số dương ta có:
\(VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}-3=\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3=\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2.\left(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2a}{a^2+1}+1+\dfrac{2b}{b^2+1}+1+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a^2+2a+1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^2+2b+1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^2+2c+1}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^2}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{c^2+1}-3}{2}\)-Áp dụng BĐT Caushy ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2\left(a^2+1\right)}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(b^2+1\right)}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{2\left(c^2+1\right)}{c^2+1}-3}{2}=\dfrac{2+2+2-3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
-Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge VP\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
ta có: (a+b+c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2
=> 2.(ab+ac+bc) = 0
ab + ac + bc = 0
=> 1/a + 1/b + 1/c = 0
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}-\frac{3}{abc}=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right).\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{1}{ac}-\frac{1}{bc}\right).\)
\(=0.\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{1}{ac}-\frac{1}{bc}\right)=0\)
=> 1/a3 + 1/b3 + 1/c3 -3/abc = 0
=> 1/a3 + 1/b3 + 1/c3 = 3/abc
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Giải và biện luận các phương trình sau
a) (x-ab)/(a+b) + (x-ac)/(a+c) + (x-bc)/(b+c) = a+b+c b) (x-a)/bc + (x-b)/ac + (x-c)/ab = 2(1/a + 1/b + 1/c)
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