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Bài 1:
Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c \ge d \ge e\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+cd+de \leq a.(b+c+d+e)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+cd+de \leq a.(1-a)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+cd+de \leq -(a-\frac{1}{2})^2 + \frac{1}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi có ít nhất 2 số bằng 0 thì 2 số còn lại bằng \(\frac{1}{2}\) giả sử \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2};c=d=0\)
Bài 2:
\(BDT\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{3\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}-1+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}-1+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c-a\right)^2}-1\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4bc}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4ca}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{3bc}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{3ca}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+1+\dfrac{3bc}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+1+\dfrac{3ca}{\left(a-c\right)^2}+1\ge3-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{b^2+bc+c^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{c^2+ac+c^2}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3-b^3}{\left(a-b\right)^3}+\dfrac{b^3-c^3}{\left(b-c\right)^3}+\dfrac{c^3-a^3}{\left(a-c\right)^3}\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)(Đúng)
P/s: Ok, xong tưởng dễ ai dè ngốn mất 2 tiếng 
mình nghĩ bài 1 P=ab+bc+cd+de thôi bn à cơ sở dựa vào bài Câu hỏi của Mai Thành Đạt - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến, và 1 số chỗ
a)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b,c tương tự
d)Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta được
\(a^4+a^4+b^4+c^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{a^4a^4b^4c^4}=4a^2bc\)
TT\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+b^4+c^4\ge4ab^2c\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+c^4\ge4abc^2\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được \(4\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge4\left(a^2bc+ab^2c+abc^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
d)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4-a^2bc-ab^2c-abc^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4+2c^4-2a^2bc-2ab^2c-2abc^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+2a^2b^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+2b^2c^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2+2a^2c^2-2a^2bc-2b^2ac-2c^2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2+\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2-2b^2ac\right)+\left(b^2c^2+c^2a^2-2c^2abc\right)+\left(a^2b^2+c^2a^2-2a^2ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2+\left(ab-bc\right)^2+\left(bc-ac\right)^2+\left(ab-ac\right)^2\ge0\)
Luôn đúng với mọi a , b , c
mình ghi nhầm thui với lại bạn này gửi ngược ảnh, mình dùng máy tính không xem được
Câu 1:
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2^2}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\) (1)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2-2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow ab\le\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
5 , a3+b3+c3\(\ge\) 3abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3+c3-3a2b-3ab2-3abc\(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-bc+c2)-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)\(\ge0\) (1)
ta co : a,b,c>0 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b+c>0 (2)
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge0\)
<=> 2a2+2b2+2c2-2ac-2cb-2ab\(\ge0\)
<=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ac\(\ge\) 0 (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3)=> pt luôn đúng
Bài 1:
(a)
Vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác nên theo BĐT tam giác ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b>c\\ b+c>a\\ c+a>b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c(a+b)>c^2\\ a(b+c)>a^2\\ b(c+a)>b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow c(a+b)+a(b+c)+b(c+a)> c^2+a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(ab+bc+ac)> a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Ta có đpcm.
(2): Bài này có nhiều cách giải. Nhưng mình xin đưa ra cách làm thuần túy Cô-si nhất.
Đặt
\((a+b-c, b+c-a, c+a-b)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=(\frac{x+z}{2}; \frac{x+y}{2}; \frac{y+z}{2})\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{a}{b+c-a}+\frac{b}{a+c-b}+\frac{c}{a+b-c}=\frac{x+z}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{2z}+\frac{y+z}{2x}\)
\(=\frac{x}{2y}+\frac{z}{2y}+\frac{x}{2z}+\frac{y}{2z}+\frac{y}{2x}+\frac{z}{2x}\geq 6\sqrt[6]{\frac{1}{2^6}}=3\) (áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c$
(c):
Theo BĐT tam giác:
\(b+c>a\Rightarrow 2(b+c)> b+c+a\Rightarrow b+c> \frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b+c}< \frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với những phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}< \frac{2a}{a+b+c}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^2.b^2.c^2.d^2.ab.cd}=6\sqrt[6]{(abcd)^3}=6\sqrt[6]{1^3}=6\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^2=b^2=c^2=d^2=ab=cd\\ abcd=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c=d=1\)
4) Ta có : A=(a+b+c+d)(a-b-c+d)=(a-b+c-d)(a+b-c-d)
=> (a+d)2 - (b+c)2= (a-d)2 - (c-b)2
=> a2+ d2+ 2ad - b2- c2- 2bc=a2 + d2 - 2ad - c2-b2+2bc
Rút gọn ta được: 4ad = 4bc => ad = bc =>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
1) a2+b2+c2+3=2(a+b+c) =>(a-1)2+(b-1)2+(c-1)2=0
=> a-1=b-1=c-1=0 => a=b=c=1 =>đpcm
2. Đặt c + d = x
Ta có: \(a+b+c+d=0\Rightarrow a+b+x=0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3abx\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3+3cd\left(c+d\right)=3ab\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3ab\left(c+d\right)-3cd\left(c+d\right)=3\left(ab-cd\right)\left(c+d\right)\)
Câu 4:
\(a^{2016}+b^{2016}+c^{2016}=a^{1008}b^{1008}+b^{1008}c^{1008}+c^{1008}+a^{1008}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^{2016}+2b^{2016}+2c^{2016}-2a^{1008}b^{1008}-2b^{1008}c^{1008}-2c^{1008}a^{1008}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^{1008}-b^{1008}\right)^2+\left(b^{1008}-c^{1008}\right)^2+\left(c^{1008}-a^{1008}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{1008}=b^{1008},b^{1008}=c^{1008},c^{1008}=a^{1008}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b,b=c,c=a\) (vì a,b,c > 0 nên \(a\ne-b,b\ne-c,c\ne-a\) )
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0,b-c=0,a-c=0\)
Thay vào A ta tính được A = 0
a.
\(2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4\ge a^4+ab^3+a^3b+b^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4\ge ab^3+a^3b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3b+b^4-ab^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)(*)
Mà \(a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a^2+2\cdot a\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}=\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}\ge0\)
Suy ra (*) đúng => đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b
b.
\(3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^4+3b^4+3c^4\ge a^4+ab^3+ac^3+a^3b+b^4+bc^3+a^3c+b^3c+c^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4+2c^4\ge ab^3+a^3b+b^3c+bc^3+ca^3+c^3a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^4+b^4\right)+\left(b^4+c^4\right)+\left(c^4+a^4\right)\ge\left(a^3b+ab^3\right)+\left(b^3c+bc^3\right)+\left(c^3a+ca^3\right)\)
Theo câu a. thì điều này đúng
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c
a/ \(A=\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=2\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3^2-1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3^4-1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=3^{128}-1\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{128}-1}{2}\)
a ) Ta có : \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=4\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2a^2c^2=4\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2ab^2c+2a^2bc+2c^2ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)+8abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)+8abc.0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)\)
Lại có : \(\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4+a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}=\dfrac{2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)}{2}\)
\(=a^4+b^4+c^4\left(đpcm\right)\)
b ) \(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-\left(c+d\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+\left(c+d\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3+3a^2b+3b^2a+3c^2d+3d^2c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3a^2b-3b^2a-3c^2d-3d^2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left(-a^2b-b^2a-c^2d-d^2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left[-ab\left(a+b\right)-cd\left(c+d\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left[ab\left(c+d\right)-cd\left(c+d\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left(ab-cd\right)\left(c+d\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)