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A=1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+1/4-1/5+....+1/19-1/20
A=1-1/20
A=20/20-1/20
A=19/20
\(\frac{2}{1.2}+\frac{2}{2.3}+\frac{2}{3.4}+....+\frac{2}{19.20}\)
\(=2.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+....+\frac{1}{19.20}\right)\)
\(=2.\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=2.\left(1-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=2.\frac{19}{20}=\frac{19}{10}\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(A=\frac{2}{1x2}+\frac{2}{2x3}+\frac{2}{3x4}+...+\frac{2}{18x19}+\frac{2}{19x20}\)
\(\frac{A}{2}=\frac{1}{1x2}+\frac{1}{2x3}+\frac{1}{3x4}+...+\frac{1}{18x19}+\frac{1}{19x20}\)
\(\frac{A}{2}=\frac{2-1}{1x2}+\frac{3-2}{2x3}+\frac{4-3}{3x4}+...+\frac{19-18}{18x19}+\frac{20-19}{19x20}\)
\(\frac{A}{2}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{18}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(A=\frac{2x19}{20}=\frac{19}{10}\)
Bài 2:
Đặt \(B=\frac{1}{1x2}+\frac{1}{2x3}+\frac{1}{3x4}+...+\frac{1}{8x9}+\frac{1}{9x10}\)
Làm tương tự câu 1 có \(B=1-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{9}{10}\)
\(Bx100=\frac{9}{10}x100=90\)
=> \(\left[\frac{5}{2}:\left(x+\frac{206}{100}\right)\right]:\frac{1}{2}=1\)
=> \(\left[\frac{5}{2}:\left(x+\frac{206}{100}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(x+\frac{206}{100}=\frac{5}{2}:\frac{1}{2}=5\Rightarrow x=5-\frac{206}{100}=\frac{294}{100}=\frac{147}{50}\)
\(\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\frac{1}{19\cdot20}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(=\frac{9}{20}\)
\(\frac{1}{2x3}\)+ \(\frac{1}{3x4}\)+ \(\frac{1}{4x5}\)+ ... + \(\frac{1}{18x19}\)+ \(\frac{1}{19x20}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)- \(\frac{1}{3}\)+ \(\frac{1}{3}\)- \(\frac{1}{4}\)+ \(\frac{1}{4}\)- \(\frac{1}{5}\)+ ... + \(\frac{1}{18}\)- \(\frac{1}{19}\)+ \(\frac{1}{19}\)- \(\frac{1}{20}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)- \(\frac{1}{20}\)
= \(\frac{18}{40}\)= \(\frac{9}{20}\)
Ta thấy: \(\frac{1}{1.2}=\frac{2-1}{1.2}=\frac{2}{1.2}-\frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\); \(\frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{3-2}{2.3}=\frac{3}{2.3}-\frac{2}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
Tương tự với các phân số khác
Cho A=2/1x2 + 2/2x3 + 2/3x4 + 2/4x5 + ... + 2/19x20
=> \(A=2\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{18.19}+\frac{1}{19.20}\right)=2\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{18}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(A=2\left(1-\frac{1}{20}\right)=2.\frac{19}{20}=\frac{19}{10}=1,9\)
Chú ý dấu chấm là dấu nhân
\(\frac{2}{1\times2}+\frac{2}{2\times3}+...+\frac{2}{19\times20}\)
\(=2\times\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=2\times\left(1-\frac{1}{20}\right)=2\times\frac{19}{20}=\frac{19}{10}\)
1/1x2 + 1/2×3 + 1/3×4 + 1/4×5 +....+ 1/18×19 + 1/19×20
= 1/1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 +....+ 1/18 - 1/19 + 1/19 - 1/20
= 1 - 1/20
= 19/20
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1\times2\times3+2\times3\times3+...+19\times20\times3\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\left[1\times2\times\left(3-0\right)+2\times3\times\left(4-1\right)+...+19\times20\times\left(21-18\right)\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1\times2\times3-1\times2\times3+2\times3\times4-...-18\times19\times20+19\times20\times21\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{3}\times19\times20\times21=2660\)